The Current State of Counternarcotics Policy and Drug Reform Debates in Myanmar
The Current State of Counternarcotics Policy and Drug Reform Debates in Myanmar
复制标题
缅甸禁毒政策和药物改革辩论的现状
DOI：
10.1515/jdpa-2015-0017
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tom Kramer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tom Kramer
摘要 缅甸是仅次于阿加尼斯坦的世界第二大鸦片生产国。经过十年的下降，种植面积自 2006 年以来增加了一倍多。安非他明类兴奋剂 (ATS) 的生产和使用也在增加。大部分鸦片被制成海洛因并通过邻国出口，特别是出口到中国。数十年的内战和军事统治刺激了毒品生产和消费，并使少数民族社区边缘化。缅甸有大量注射吸毒者感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病和丙型肝炎。缅甸的毒品政策是压制性的且过时的，没有有效地关注逮捕吸毒者和根除罂粟田。中央政府无法为吸毒者提供优质的治疗。军政府过去的政治镇压和侵犯人权行为引起了国际抵制，导致国际捐助者无法提供援助。新的准文官政府的改革进程既包括结束内战的和平进程，也包括对该国禁毒法的审查，这为制定更有效、更人道的禁毒政策带来了希望。
Abstract Myanmar is the world’s second largest producer of opium after Aghanistan. Following a decade of decline, cultivation has more than doubled since 2006. The production and use of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) is also rising. Most of the opium is turned into heroin and exported via neighboring countries, especially to China. Decades of civil war and military rule have stimulated drug production and consumption, and marginalized ethnic communities. Myanmar has high levels of injecting drug users infected with HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C. Drug policies in Myanmar are repressive and outdated, with an ineffective focus on arresting drug users and eradicating poppy fields. The central government is unable to provide quality treatment for drug users. Past political repression and human rights violations by the military government caused an international boycott which prevented international donors from providing assistance. The reform process by the new quasi-civilian government includes both a peace process to end the civil war and a review of the country’s drug laws, raising hope for more effective and humane drug policies.