Voxelated soft matter via multimaterial multinozzle 3D printing
Voxelated soft matter via multimaterial multinozzle 3D printing
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-019-1736-8
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发表时间：
2019-11-14
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Lewis, Jennifer A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Skylar-Scott, Mark A.;Mueller, Jochen;Lewis, Jennifer A.
人们对体素相关的物质越来越感兴趣，这种物质是由体素设计和制造的（1-4）。目前，基于喷墨的三维（3D）打印是唯一被广泛采用的能够高精度创建三维体素材料的方法（1-4），但液滴形成的物理特性要求使用低粘度的油墨来确保成功打印(5)。相比之下，直接墨水书写，一种基于挤压的3D打印方法，能够绘制更广泛的材料（6-13）。然而，通过逐层挤压单片圆柱形细丝来产生多材料体素化物质是困难的。本文报道了使用多材料多喷嘴3D （MM3D）打印设计和制造体素相关软物质，其中材料的组成，功能和结构在体素尺度上进行编程。我们的MM3D打印头利用了当多种粘弹性材料聚集在一个连接处时产生的二极管样行为，可以在多达八种不同材料之间实现无缝、高频切换，从而创建体积接近喷嘴直径立方的体素。作为例子，我们制作了一个三浦折纸图案（14）和一个千足虫状的软体机器人，通过共印多种硬度变化为几个数量级的环氧树脂和硅弹性体油墨来移动。我们的方法大大拓宽了可以在复杂图案中设计和制造的体素化材料的调色板。
There is growing interest in voxelated matter that is designed and fabricated voxel by voxel(1-4). Currently, inkjet-based three-dimensional (3D) printing is the only widely adopted method that is capable of creating 3D voxelated materials with high precision(1-4), but the physics of droplet formation requires the use of low-viscosity inks to ensure successful printing(5). By contrast, direct ink writing, an extrusion-based 3D printing method, is capable of patterning a much broader range of materials(6-13). However, it is difficult to generate multimaterial voxelated matter by extruding monolithic cylindrical filaments in a layer-by-layer manner. Here we report the design and fabrication of voxelated soft matter using multimaterial multinozzle 3D (MM3D) printing, in which the composition, function and structure of the materials are programmed at the voxel scale. Our MM3D printheads exploit the diode-like behaviour that arises when multiple viscoelastic materials converge at a junction to enable seamless, high-frequency switching between up to eight different materials to create voxels with a volume approaching that of the nozzle diameter cubed. As exemplars, we fabricate a Miura origami pattern(14) and a millipede-like soft robot that locomotes by co-printing multiple epoxy and silicone elastomer inks of stiffness varying by several orders of magnitude. Our method substantially broadens the palette of voxelated materials that can be designed and manufactured in complex motifs.