COSTS TO FORAGING BUMBLE BEES OF SWITCHING PLANT-SPECIES
COSTS TO FORAGING BUMBLE BEES OF SWITCHING PLANT-SPECIES
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DOI：
10.1139/z94-007
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
LAVERTY, TM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LAVERTY, TM
许多传粉者倾向于在同一种植物的花朵之间移动，即使其他物种的花朵也是如此。这种行为（称为花恒常性）的原因尚不清楚。一种可能的解释（由达尔文提出）是，在一种植物物种上学到的处理花的方法干扰了以前学到的处理其他植物物种的方法。达尔文的假设是通过测量熊蜂（Bombus fervidus）在野外觅食的稳定性来检验的，并寻找蜜蜂在四种相对简单的花（夏枯草，红三叶，T. hybridum和Vicia cracca）和两个具有更复杂花的物种（欧洲凤仙花和Capensis）。蜜蜂觅食简单的花没有表现出对花的恒性的倾向，物种之间的切换并没有增加处理时间或处理错误。觅食表现出较强的恒心访问时，更复杂的花的品种，也有一些证据增加处理时间和错误频率开关。然而，切换的时间成本很小（约1秒后，开关的第一次花访问），不太可能占花恒常性大黄蜂在自然条件下觅食。
Many pollinators tend to move between flowers of the same species of plant even when flowers of other species are available. Reasons for this behaviour (known as flower constancy) are unclear. One possible explanation (proposed by Darwin) is that flower handling methods learned on one plant species interfere with previously learned handling methods of other plant species. Darwin's hypothesis was tested by measuring the constancy of bumble bees (Bombus fervidus) foraging in the field and looking for evidence of interference (increased handling times and flower handling errors) when bees switched among four species with relatively simple flowers (Prunella vulgaris, Trifolium pratense, T. hybridum, and Vicia cracca) and two species with more complex flowers (Aconitum napellus and Impatiens capensis). Bees foraging on simple flowers showed no tendency towards flower constancy, and switching between species did not increase handling times or handling errors. Foragers displayed strong constancy when visiting the species with more complex flowers and there was also some evidence of increased handling times and error frequencies following switches. However, the time costs of switching were small (about 1 s over the first flower visit after a switch) and are unlikely to account for flower constancy by bumble bees foraging under natural conditions.