Diet and longevity: The effects of traditional eating habits on human lifespan extension
Diet and longevity: The effects of traditional eating habits on human lifespan extension
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DOI：
10.3233/mnm-180225
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Caprara, Greta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Caprara, Greta
自人类诞生以来，人类一直在努力提高生存质量，延长寿命。遗传、环境、行为和饮食因素影响着调节衰老和预期寿命的途径，从而使长寿成为一个非常复杂的现象。虽然还没有找到一种长效的灵丹妙药，但医生和科学家一致认为，营养对总体死亡率和发病率有重大影响，因此成为广泛的科学研究的主题。本文综述了不同类型的饮食在减少典型西方国家非传染性疾病（NCD）发病方面的作用。（心血管疾病、肿瘤、慢性呼吸道疾病、糖尿病等），从而延长平均寿命。它将首先描述最相关的特征，营养特性和对地中海，日本，素食和新北欧饮食人群的影响。最后，它将描述不同的饮食限制在调节代谢和衰老的遗传途径中的影响。总的来说，这项工作加强了以下证据：除了健康和积极的生活方式之外，特定的饮食习惯对增加人们的健康寿命和实现最佳寿命至关重要。
Since the dawn of time human beings have been trying to improve the quality of the existence and extend their lifespan. Genetic, environmental, behavioral and dietary factors influence the pathways that regulate aging and life expectancy, thus rendering longevity a very complex phenomenon. Although a long-lived elixir has not yet been found, physicians and scientists agree that nutrition has a major impact on the overall mortality and morbidity, hence becoming the subject of a widespread scientific research.This review describes, analyzes and compares the effects of different types of diets in reducing the onset of typical Western countries non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (cardiovascular diseases, tumors, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, etc.), thus increasing the average lifespan. It will first depict the most relevant characteristics, nutraceutical properties and effects on the populations of the Mediterranean, Japanese, Vegetarian and New Nordic Diet. Finally, it will describe the impact of different dietary restrictions in modulating the genetic pathways that regulate metabolism and aging.Overall, this work reinforces the evidence that specific eating habits, in addition to healthy and active lifestyles, are crucial to increase people's health span and to achieve an optimal longevity.