Wetlands shrinkage, fragmentation and their links to agriculture in the Muleng-Xingkai Plain, China.

Wetlands shrinkage, fragmentation and their links to agriculture in the Muleng-Xingkai Plain, China.
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中国穆棱-兴凯平原湿地萎缩、破碎化及其与农业的联系。

DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.06.038
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发表时间:
2012-11
影响因子:
8.7
通讯作者:
Jia Du
Jia Du
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lenore Tedesco;Fang Li;Cui Jin;Jia Du

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近50年来,木棱-兴开平原湿地经历了快速的萎缩和破碎化。本研究通过1954年以来的一系列专题地图和过去50年(1976年、1986年、1995年、2000年和2005年)的陆地卫星图像,对湿地覆盖变化和农业种植进行了调查。基于景观指标和土地利用变化过渡矩阵,研究了湿地的萎缩和破碎化。在此基础上,结合社会经济发展和主要自然环境因素,探讨了其驱动因素。结果表明,近50年来湿地面积显著减少,年平均减少率为9004 ha/yr。在1954年的625,268公顷天然湿地中,到2005年约有64%已转化为其他土地利用类型,其中转化为农田的比例最大(83%)。斑块数量从1272块(1954年)减少到197块(1986年),随后增加到326块(2005年)。平均斑块面积从1954年的480 ha增加到1976年的1521 ha,然后逐渐减少到2005年的574 ha。最大斑块指数(总核心区指数)反映湿地萎缩,分别从31.73 (177,935 ha)减少到3.45 (39,421 ha)。研究期间发生了气候变化,为农业发展提供了潜在的有利环境。与此同时,人口、地下水采集量和肥料使用量显著增加,导致湿地退化。结果表明,湿地的萎缩和破碎化主要与社会经济发展有关,其次与气候条件的变化有关。
In the past five decades, the wetlands in the Muleng–Xingkai Plain, Northeast China, have experienced rapid shrinkage and fragmentation. In this study, wetlands cover change and agricultural cultivation were investigated through a time series of thematic maps from 1954, and Landsat satellite images representing the last five decades (1976, 1986, 1995, 2000, and 2005). Wetlands shrinkage and fragmentation were studied based on landscape metrics and the land use changes transition matrix. Furthermore, the driving forces were explored according to socioeconomic development and major natural environmental factors. The results indicate a significant decrease in the wetlands area in the past five decades, with an average annual decrease rate of 9004 ha/yr. Of the 625,268 ha of native wetlands in 1954, approximately 64% has been converted to other land use types by 2005, of which conversion to cropland accounts for the largest share (83%). The number of patches decreased from 1272 (1954) to 197 (1986) and subsequently increased to 326 (2005). The mean patch size changed from 480 ha (1954) to 1521 ha (1976), and then steadily decreased to 574 ha (2005). The largest patch index (total core area index) indicates wetlands shrinkage with decreased values from 31.73 (177,935 ha) to 3.45 (39,421 ha) respectively. Climatic changes occurred over the study period, providing a potentially favorable environment for agricultural development. At the same time population, groundwater harvesting, and fertilizer application increased significantly, resulting in wetlands degradation. According to the results, the shrinkage and fragmentation of wetlands could be explained by socioeconomic development and secondarily aided by changing climatic conditions.
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