Phosphomimetic S207D Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Binds HIV-1 5'UTR in an Open Conformation and Increases RNA Dynamics.

Phosphomimetic S207D Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Binds HIV-1 5'UTR in an Open Conformation and Increases RNA Dynamics.
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DOI:
10.3390/v14071556
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发表时间:
2022-07-16
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
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其他
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赖氨酰-tRNA合成酶(LysRS)和HIV-1 Gag之间的相互作用促进HIV-1逆转录引物tRNALys 3的选择性包装。在HIV-1感染期间,LysRS在S207处磷酸化,从多氨酰-tRNA合成酶复合物中释放并包装到子代病毒体中。LysRS通过特异性结合PBS附近的tRNA样元件(TLE),促进tRNA在PBS附近的释放,对于将tRNALys 3正确靶向引物结合位点(PBS)至关重要。然而,LysRS磷酸化是否在这一过程中发挥作用仍然未知。在这里,我们使用结合测定、RNA化学探测和小角X射线散射的组合来显示野生型(WT)和磷酸化模拟S207 D LysRS突变体通过与TLE和茎环1(SL 1)的直接相互作用与HIV-1基因组RNA(gRNA)5′UTR类似地结合,并且对结合二聚体gRNA具有适度的偏好。与WT不同,S207 D LysRS以开放构象结合,并增加PBS区域和SL 1的动力学。提出了一种新的工作模型,其中二聚磷酸化的LysRS/tRNA复合物与gRNA二聚体结合,以促进tRNA引物释放和放置到PBS上。设想了防止这种宿主因子-gRNA相互作用的未来抗病毒策略。
Interactions between lysyl–tRNA synthetase (LysRS) and HIV-1 Gag facilitate selective packaging of the HIV-1 reverse transcription primer, tRNALys3. During HIV-1 infection, LysRS is phosphorylated at S207, released from a multi-aminoacyl–tRNA synthetase complex and packaged into progeny virions. LysRS is critical for proper targeting of tRNALys3 to the primer-binding site (PBS) by specifically binding a PBS-adjacent tRNA-like element (TLE), which promotes release of the tRNA proximal to the PBS. However, whether LysRS phosphorylation plays a role in this process remains unknown. Here, we used a combination of binding assays, RNA chemical probing, and small-angle X-ray scattering to show that both wild-type (WT) and a phosphomimetic S207D LysRS mutant bind similarly to the HIV-1 genomic RNA (gRNA) 5′UTR via direct interactions with the TLE and stem loop 1 (SL1) and have a modest preference for binding dimeric gRNA. Unlike WT, S207D LysRS bound in an open conformation and increased the dynamics of both the PBS region and SL1. A new working model is proposed wherein a dimeric phosphorylated LysRS/tRNA complex binds to a gRNA dimer to facilitate tRNA primer release and placement onto the PBS. Future anti-viral strategies that prevent this host factor-gRNA interaction are envisioned.
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