Uncertainties in the risk assessment of three mycotoxins: aflatoxin, ochratoxin, and zearalenone.
Uncertainties in the risk assessment of three mycotoxins: aflatoxin, ochratoxin, and zearalenone.
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三种霉菌毒素（黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮）风险评估的不确定性。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
T. Kuiper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Kuiper
霉菌毒素的风险评估由两个主要部分组成：暴露评估和危害评估。这两个组成部分都存在许多不确定性。本文将简要讨论适用于霉菌毒素的风险评估过程的各个方面，然后主要关注几种致癌霉菌毒素的危害评估部分的一些不确定性。为了得出估计的“安全剂量”（危害评估的终点），我们之前使用了两种主要方法：无观察到效应水平（NOEL）除以安全系数方法，以及数学（稳健线性）外推至“虚拟安全剂量”。这两种方法仅使用剂量反应曲线中未观察到的效应区域中的点，并忽略来自响应区域的有价值的数据。建议使用 50% 的动物会出现肿瘤的剂量 (TD50) 除以 50,000 的大安全系数作为“安全剂量”的额外估计。对于许多研究来说，TD50 位于剂量反应曲线的观察到的反应区域内，并且可能具有更高的有效性。还建议在某些情况下，如果使用统计得出的无影响水平 (NEL)，则可以减少 NOEL 的一些不确定性。
The risk assessment of mycotoxins is made up of two major components: an exposure assessment and a hazard assessment. There are many uncertainties in both of these components. This paper will briefly discuss the various aspects of the risk assessment process as it applies to mycotoxins and will then focus mainly on some of the uncertainties in the hazard assessment component of several carcinogenic mycotoxins. To arrive at an estimated "safe dose" (end point of the hazard assessment), we have previously used two major approaches: the no observed effect level (NOEL) divided by a safety factor approach and a mathematical (robust linear) extrapolation to a "virtual safe dose." Both of these approaches use only points from the no observed effect region of the dose-response curve and ignore valuable data from the response region. It is proposed to use the dose at which 50% of the animals would have developed tumors (the TD50) divided by a large safety factor of 50,000 as an additional estimate of "safe dose". For many studies, the TD50 lies within the observed response region of the dose-response curve and may have more validity. It is also suggested in certain cases that some of the uncertainties regarding the NOEL can be reduced if one uses a statistically derived no effect level (NEL).
TD50：对长期接触动物实验中化学品致癌效力的数值描述的拟议通用惯例。
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Peto,R;Pike,MC;Bernstein,L;Gold,LS;Ames,BN
通讯作者：
Ames,BN
黄曲霉毒素对 Fischer 344 大鼠的致癌性。
DOI：
10.1093/jnci/66.6.1159
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
Journal of the National Cancer Institute
影响因子：
--
作者：
Nixon,JE;Hendricks,JD;Pawloswki,NE;Loveland,PM;Sinnhuber,RO
通讯作者：
Sinnhuber,RO