SOUND LOCALIZATION - EFFECTS OF UNILATERAL LESIONS IN CENTRAL AUDITORY-SYSTEM
SOUND LOCALIZATION - EFFECTS OF UNILATERAL LESIONS IN CENTRAL AUDITORY-SYSTEM
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.1982.47.6.987
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
MASTERTON, RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
JENKINS, WM;MASTERTON, RB
对患有单侧中枢听觉系统损伤的猫进行了行为测试，以确定随机强度的单一咔哒声的来源。每种情况都以两种方式进行测试：在第一种情况下，7个匹配的扬声器间隔为30度。以猫的耳际中点为中心，围绕猫前面的半圆的方位角；在第二次测试中（一个不太精细的重复过去的技术），只使用了两个扬声器，一个30度。向左，另一个30度。在猫矢状中平面的右边。在每一个严重单侧病变的病例中，无论其沿耳蜗到皮层的听觉通路的程度如何，更精细的声音定位测试都提供了深刻的、可能是永久性的感知缺陷的可靠证据。在或低于上橄榄复合体（即耳蜗、梯形体或上橄榄复合体本身）水平的病变导致双侧或与病变同侧声场的声音定位缺陷。上橄榄复合体水平以上的病变（即从外侧小网膜到听觉皮层）导致病变对侧声场的声音定位缺陷。显然，就像视觉或体感空间的表征一样，听觉空间在听觉系统的最低层次之外都是对侧表征的；可能是梯形体-上橄榄核复合体完成了听场的对侧化；这种结构复合体为听觉系统服务的方式，本质上类似于视觉系统中的视交叉或体感觉系统中的脊髓和球交叉。因为每个高水平病变的病例在第二次较不精确的声音定位测试中只产生了轻微或暂时的缺陷；听觉系统的基本对侧性之所以没有在早期被证明，可能是由于错误地坚持使用这种更简单但敏感度较低的测试声音定位能力的方法。
Cats with unilateral lesions of the central auditory system were tested behaviorally for their ability to localize the source of a single click of randomized intensity. Each case was tested in 2 ways: in the first, 7 matched speakers were spaced each 30.degree. of azimuth around a semicircle in front of the cat and centered on its interaural midpoint; in the 2nd test (a less-refined one duplicating past techniques) only 2 of the speakers were used, one 30.degree. to the left, the other 30.degree. to the right of the cat''s midsaggital plane. In each case with a substantial unilateral lesion, regardless of its level along the auditory pathway from cochlea to cortex, the more-refined sound-localization test yielded reliable evidence of a profound and probably permanent perceptual deficit. Lesions at or below the level of the superior olivary complex (i.e., cochlea, trapezoid body or superior olivary complex itself) resulted in sound-localization deficits either bilaterally or in the sound field ipsilateral to the lesion. Lesions above the level of the superior olivary complex (i.e., from lateral lemniscus to auditory cortex) resulted in sound-localization deficits in the sound field contralateral to the lesion. Apparently, like the representations of visual or somatosensory space, auditory space is represented contralaterally at all but the lowest levels of the auditory system; that it is the trapezoid body-superior olivary complex that probably accomplishes this contralateralization of the auditory field; this structural complex serves the auditory system in a manner essentially analogous to the optic chiasma in the visual system or the spinal and bulbar decussations in the somatosensory systems. Because each case with a high-level lesion yielded evidence of only slight or temporary deficits in the 2nd less-refined sound-localization test; the reason that the essential contralaterality of the auditory system was not demonstrated earlier may be due to mistaken persistence in using this simpler but less-sensitive method of testing sound-localization ability.