Coevolution of adaptive technology, maladaptive culture and population size in a producer-scrounger game
Coevolution of adaptive technology, maladaptive culture and population size in a producer-scrounger game
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2009.0724
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发表时间：
2009-11-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Feldman, Marcus W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lehmann, Laurent;Feldman, Marcus W.
技术（即工具、耕作和驯化方法、建筑和占用系统、机器）增加了人类的生命率，是从马尔萨斯生态停滞过渡到潜在的永久人口增长的决定性特征之一。另一方面，适应不良包括降低个人生命率的行为、习俗和做法。技术和适应不良是种群中个体所携带的文化总存量的一部分。在这里，我们开发了一个定量模型的累积自适应技术和适应不良的文化在“生产者-乞讨者”的游戏，这也可以被解释为一个“个人-社会”的学习者互动的共同进化。生产者（个体学习者）被认为是通过试错学习、洞察或演绎来发明新的适应和不适应，他们支付创新的成本。守财奴（社会学习者）被认为是复制或模仿（文化传播）的适应和生产者产生的适应不良。我们表明，在文化传播的存在下，生产者和乞讨者的共同进化动态可以对人口承载能力产生各种影响。从稳定的多态性，其中乞讨者带来的优势，人口（承载能力增加），定期循环，其中乞讨者减少承载能力，我们发现，选择驱动的文化创新和传播可能会发送一个人口的道路上无限增长或灭绝。
Technology (i.e. tools, methods of cultivation and domestication, systems of construction and appropriation, machines) has increased the vital rates of humans, and is one of the defining features of the transition from Malthusian ecological stagnation to a potentially perpetual rising population growth. Maladaptations, on the other hand, encompass behaviours, customs and practices that decrease the vital rates of individuals. Technology and maladaptations are part of the total stock of culture carried by the individuals in a population. Here, we develop a quantitative model for the coevolution of cumulative adaptive technology and maladaptive culture in a 'producer-scrounger' game, which can also usefully be interpreted as an 'individual-social' learner interaction. Producers (individual learners) are assumed to invent new adaptations and maladaptations by trial-and-error learning, insight or deduction, and they pay the cost of innovation. Scroungers (social learners) are assumed to copy or imitate (cultural transmission) both the adaptations and maladaptations generated by producers. We show that the coevolutionary dynamics of producers and scroungers in the presence of cultural transmission can have a variety of effects on population carrying capacity. From stable polymorphism, where scroungers bring an advantage to the population (increase in carrying capacity), to periodic cycling, where scroungers decrease carrying capacity, we find that selection-driven cultural innovation and transmission may send a population on the path of indefinite growth or to extinction.