Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach
Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.128.3.309
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Conway, ARA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engle, RW;Tuholski, SW;Conway, ARA
在一项研究中，133名参与者进行了11项记忆任务（一些被认为反映了工作记忆，一些被认为反映了短期记忆），2项一般流体智力测试，以及口头和定量学术能力倾向测试。结构方程模型表明，短期记忆和工作记忆反映了独立的，但高度相关的结构，许多在文献中使用的任务作为工作记忆任务反映了一个共同的结构。工作记忆与流动智力有很强的联系，但短期记忆则不然。工作记忆容量和一般流体智力的理论提出：作者认为，工作记忆容量和流体智力反映了保持表征活跃的能力，特别是在面对干扰和分心时。作者还讨论了这种能力与控制注意力的关系，以及前额叶皮层的功能。
A study was conducted in which 133 participants performed 11 memory tasks (some thought to reflect working memory and some thought to reflect short-term memory), 2 tests of general fluid intelligence, and the Verbal and Quantitative Scholastic Aptitude Tests. Structural equation modeling suggested that short-term and working memories reflect separate but highly related constructs and that many of the tasks used in the literature as working memory tasks reflect a common construct. Working memory shows a strong connection to fluid intelligence, but short-term memory does not. A theory of working memory capacity and general fluid intelligence is proposed: The authors argue that working memory capacity and fluid intelligence reflect the ability to keep a representation active, particularly in the face of interference and distraction. The authors also discuss the relationship of this capability to controlled attention, and the functions of the prefrontal cortex.