Diversity of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi from apples in northeastern Turkey
Diversity of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi from apples in northeastern Turkey
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DOI：
10.1007/s10658-012-0123-1
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Gleason, Mark L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mayfield, Derrick A.;Karakaya, Aziz;Gleason, Mark L.
煤烟斑点和蝇斑(SBFS)是一种季节中后期的真菌疾病复合体，危害世界各地潮湿地区的苹果和其他果树作物。SBFS是土耳其东北部苹果种植者关心的问题，但土耳其SBFS物种组合的组成尚不清楚。在这项研究中，从2008年在土耳其东北部里泽省采集的苹果中分离出SBFS真菌。压制的带有苹果角质层的SBFS菌落被运往爱荷华州立大学进行分离。从148个苹果皮中分离出633个菌株，对其中的87个菌株进行了纯化，对67个菌株进行了遗传特征鉴定，并对33个菌株进行了形态观察。用简约分析将内部转录间隔区(ITS)、核糖体DNA和28S大亚基区(LSU)的一部分与以前发现的真菌进行了比较。根据ITS序列以及苹果上和培养上的形态描述了可能的物种。通过对ITS序列和形态的简约分析，划分出12个种。调查中新发现和描述的一个种是丰富菌，新发现的种包括Zygophiala sp.。FS3.3、口腔菌(Stomiopeltis spp.)RS7.1和RS7.2，毛壳菌属(Chaetothyriales sp.)F1；以前发现的可能物种包括Zygophiala sp.FS6和Stomiopeltis sp.RS4.1；以前发现和命名的SBFS种包括裂殖酵母、威斯康星裂殖酵母、马里小环孢霉、迟钝小环孢霉和果裂藻。根据LSU的简约分析，1种被归入毛刺菌科亚纲，11种被归入毛刺菌科亚纲。有10种被归入卡诺迪亚目。这些发现扩大了记录在案的全球SBFS复合体内遗传多样性的范围，也是土耳其首次发表的对SBFS复合体组成的描述。
Sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) is a mid- to late-season fungal disease complex that blemishes apples and other tree fruit crops in humid regions worldwide. SBFS is a concern for apple growers in northeastern Turkey, but the composition of the SBFS species assemblage in Turkey is unknown. In this study, SBFS fungi were isolated from apples collected in 2008 in the Rize Province of northeastern Turkey. Pressed SBFS colonies with subtending apple cuticle were shipped to Iowa State University for isolation. Of 633 primary isolates from 148 apple peels, 87 cultures were purified, 67 isolates were genetically characterized and 33 isolates examined for morphology. The internal transcriber spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA and a portion of the 28S large subunit region (LSU) were compared to previously identified fungi using parsimony analysis. Putative species were delineated from ITS sequences as well as morphology on apple and in culture. Twelve species were delineated based on parsimony analysis of ITS sequences and morphology. A newly discovered and described species from the survey was Scleroramularia abundans; newly discovered putative species included Zygophiala sp. FS3.3, Stomiopeltis spp. RS7.1 and RS7.2, and Chaetothyriales sp. F1; previously recovered putative species included Zygophiala sp. FS6 and Stomiopeltis sp. RS4.1; and previously discovered and named SBFS species included Schizothyrium pomi, Zygophiala wisconsinensis, Microcyclosporella mali, Microcyclospora tardicrescens, and Peltaster fructicola. Based on parsimony analysis of the LSU, one species was placed in the subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae and 11 species were placed in subclass Dothideomycetidae. Ten species were placed in the order Capnodiales. These findings expand the documented extent of genetic diversity within the worldwide SBFS complex and are the first published description of the composition of the SBFS complex from Turkey.