Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms between humans and mink and back to humans.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms between humans and mink and back to humans.
复制标题
SARS-COV-2在人类和貂皮之间的貂皮农场上传播，然后回到人类。
DOI：
10.1126/science.abe5901
复制
发表时间：
2021-01-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Koopmans MPG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oude Munnink BB;Sikkema RS;Nieuwenhuijse DF;Molenaar RJ;Munger E;Molenkamp R;van der Spek A;Tolsma P;Rietveld A;Brouwer M;Bouwmeester-Vincken N;Harders F;Hakze-van der Honing R;Wegdam-Blans MCA;Bouwstra RJ;GeurtsvanKessel C;van der Eijk AA;Velkers FC;Smit LAM;Stegeman A;van der Poel WHM;Koopmans MPG
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）是一种人畜共患病毒——一种从另一个物种溢出并在人类之间感染和传播的病毒。我们知道，人类可以用SARS-CoV-2感染其他动物，比如家猫，甚至动物园里的老虎。Oude Munnink等人使用全基因组测序显示，在荷兰东南部的水貂养殖场中，SARS-CoV-2感染很普遍，所有这些养殖场都将于2021年3月关闭（见Zhou和Shi的观点）。到2020年6月底，68%的水貂养殖场工人的病毒检测呈阳性或有SARS-CoV-2抗体。这些大型聚集性感染是由携带D614G突变病毒的人类COVID-19病例引发的。随后的测序显示，也发生了水貂到人类的传播。必须做更多的工作来了解mustelids是否有可能成为SARS-CoV-2的储存库。《科学》，本期第172页；另见p.遗传证据表明，在荷兰的农场，SARS-CoV-2的传播既发生在人身上，也发生在水貂身上。动物实验表明，非人类灵长类动物、猫、雪貂、仓鼠、兔子和蝙蝠都可能感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）。此外，在野外的猫科动物、水貂和狗身上检测到SARS-CoV-2 RNA。在这里，我们描述了对16个水貂养殖场和在这些养殖场生活或工作的人类爆发的全基因组测序的深入调查。我们的结论是，该病毒最初是由人类引入的，此后不断进化，很可能反映了在感染期开始时，即在发现前几周，水貂之间的广泛传播。尽管在受影响的养殖场加强了生物安全、早期预警监测和立即扑杀动物，但在三个传播模式未知的大型传播聚集性水貂养殖场之间发生了传播。在接受检测的水貂养殖场居民、员工和/或与他们有过接触的个人中，68%的人有SARS-CoV-2感染的证据。可获得全基因组的个体被证明感染了具有动物序列特征的菌株，这提供了在水貂养殖场内SARS-CoV-2从动物到人类传播的证据。
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoonotic virus—one that spilled over from another species to infect and transmit among humans. We know that humans can infect other animals with SARS-CoV-2, such as domestic cats and even tigers in zoos. Oude Munnink et al. used whole-genome sequencing to show that SARS-CoV-2 infections were rife among mink farms in the southeastern Netherlands, all of which are destined to be closed by March 2021 (see the Perspective by Zhou and Shi). Toward the end of June 2020, 68% of mink farm workers tested positive for the virus or had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. These large clusters of infection were initiated by human COVID-19 cases with viruses that bear the D614G mutation. Sequencing has subsequently shown that mink-to-human transmission also occurred. More work must be done to understand whether there is a risk that mustelids may become a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Science, this issue p. 172; see also p. Genetic evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurred from humans to mink as well as from mink to humans on farms in the Netherlands. Animal experiments have shown that nonhuman primates, cats, ferrets, hamsters, rabbits, and bats can be infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in felids, mink, and dogs in the field. Here, we describe an in-depth investigation using whole-genome sequencing of outbreaks on 16 mink farms and the humans living or working on these farms. We conclude that the virus was initially introduced by humans and has since evolved, most likely reflecting widespread circulation among mink in the beginning of the infection period, several weeks before detection. Despite enhanced biosecurity, early warning surveillance, and immediate culling of animals in affected farms, transmission occurred between mink farms in three large transmission clusters with unknown modes of transmission. Of the tested mink farm residents, employees, and/or individuals with whom they had been in contact, 68% had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Individuals for which whole genomes were available were shown to have been infected with strains with an animal sequence signature, providing evidence of animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within mink farms.