Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia
Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ccm.2004.10.016
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Mundy, LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Apisarnthanarak, A;Mundy, LM
社区获得性肺炎(CAP)是一种严重的下呼吸道感染，具有显著的发病率和死亡率，其特点是诊断评估和治疗决定存在争议。随着广谱抗菌药物的广泛应用和免疫缺陷宿主数量的增加，CAP病原菌的病原学和耐药模式发生了变化。肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌仍然是免疫功能正常患者CAP的主要原因。免疫功能低下患者的CAP的鉴别诊断中也应考虑机会性感染，如肺炎孢子虫和结核分枝杆菌，以及其他机会性真菌肺炎。本文回顾了目前有关CAP患者的病因、危险因素和预后的同行评议文献。
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a serious lower respiratory tract infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality that is characterized by disputes over diagnostic evaluations and therapeutic decisions. With the widespread use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents and the increasing number of immunocompromised hosts, the etiology and the drug resistance patterns of pathogens responsible for CAP have changed. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis remain the leading causes of CAP in immunocompetent patients. Opportunistic infections with organisms such as Pneumocystis jiroveci and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other opportunistic fungal pneumonias should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of CAP in immunocompromised patients. This article examines the current peer-reviewed literature on etiology, risk factors, and outcomes of patients with CAP.