Using the van Noordwijk and de Jong Resource Framework to Evaluate Glucocorticoid-Fitness Hypotheses
Using the van Noordwijk and de Jong Resource Framework to Evaluate Glucocorticoid-Fitness Hypotheses
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icz088
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Berk, Sara A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breuner, Creagh W.;Berk, Sara A.
十年前，两篇综述阐明了将糖皮质激素（GC）水平与生存和繁殖指标直接关联的必要性。从该研究中出现了三个主要假设：皮质酮 - 适应性假设、皮质酮 - 适应假设和皮质酮 - 权衡假设。自那以后，这两篇综述被引用了近900次，但尚未出现明确支持某一个假设而非其他假设的共识。我们提出资源可利用性可能是各个研究中的一个主要混杂因素。生活史投资由分配和获取共同决定，但目前对这三个糖皮质激素 - 适应性假设进行检验的文献很少纳入资源可利用性的指标。1986年，范诺德维克（van Noordwijk）和德容（de Jong）（vN和dJ）提出了获取/分配Y模型，用以解释个体间繁殖和生存之间的正相关和负相关。他们的模型强调资源对于评估个体分配策略（倾向于繁殖还是生存）至关重要，因此为检验这三个皮质酮假设提供了理想的框架。在此，我们根据过去10年的数据回顾这三个假设，引入vN和dJ框架作为适应性/糖皮质激素假设检验的模型，并讨论使用该框架的最佳实践。我们认为纳入资源可利用性将减少糖皮质激素 - 适应性检验中无法解释的变异性，明确三个假设中得到支持的情况，并在检验其他可能随着糖皮质激素增加而调节繁殖与生存差异分配的背景依赖因素（例如，生活史策略）时具有更强的效力。
Ten years ago, two reviews clarified the need to tie glucocorticoid (GC) levels directly to survival and reproductive measures. Three primary hypotheses emerged from that work: the CORT-Fitness hypothesis, the CORT-Adaptation hypothesis, and the CORT-Tradeoff hypothesis. The two reviews have since been cited nearly 900 times, but no clear consensus has emerged supporting one hypothesis over another. We propose that resource availability may be a major confound across studies. Life-history investment is determined by both allocation and acquisition, but current literature testing among the three GC-fitness hypotheses rarely incorporate metrics of resource availability. In 1986, van Noordwijk and de Jong (vN and dJ) proposed the acquisition/allocation Y-model to explain positive versus negative correlations between reproduction and survival across individuals. Their model elevated resources as critical to evaluating individual allocation strategies (favoring reproduction vs. survival), and therefore provides the ideal framework for testing across the three CORT hypotheses. Here, we review the three hypotheses in light of the last 10 years of data, introduce the vN and dJ framework as a model for fitness/GC hypothesis testing, and discuss best practices for using this framework. We believe incorporation of resource availability will reduce unexplained variability in GC-fitness tests, clarify support among the three hypotheses, and allow for greater power in testing across other context dependencies (e.g., life-history strategy) that likely regulate differential allocation to reproduction versus survival as GCs increase.