DEMOCRACIES - FORMS, PERFORMANCE, AND CONSTITUTIONAL ENGINEERING
DEMOCRACIES - FORMS, PERFORMANCE, AND CONSTITUTIONAL ENGINEERING
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-6765.1994.tb01198.x
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
LIJPHART, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LIJPHART, A
关于在多数主义选举制度和比例代表制（PR）之间的选择，以及更广泛地说，在多数主义和共识民主形式之间的选择，传统智慧认为存在一种权衡：PR和共识民主提供了更准确的代表和更好的少数代表，但多数主义提供了更有效的政府。对18个历史较长、发展较好的民主国家（其中大部分是欧洲民主国家）的比较分析表明，公共关系民主和共识民主确实提供了上级的政治代表性，但多数主义制度在维护公共秩序和管理经济方面并没有表现得更好，因此共识民主的总体表现上级。这一结论也应该在越来越多的稍新的非欧洲民主国家中得到检验，这些国家已经足够古老，证明了它们的生存能力，可以在很长一段时间内进行研究。如果它的有效性得到证实--迄今为止的证据是非常有希望的--它可能对世界民主的未来具有重大的现实意义。
The conventional wisdom concerning the choice between majoritarian electoral systems and proportional representation (PR) - and, more broadly, between majoritarian and consensus forms of democracy - is that there is a trade-off: PR and consensus democracy provide more accurate representation and better minority representation, but majoritarianism provides more effective government. A comparative analysis of 18 older and well-established democracies, most of which are European democracies, shows that PR and consensus democracy indeed give superior political representation, but that majoritarian systems do not perform better in maintaining public order and managing the economy, and hence that the over-all performance of consensus democracy is superior. This conclusion should also be tested among the growing number of slightly newer non-European democracies, which are already old enough to have proved their viability and can be studied over an extended period of time. If its validity is confirmed - and the evidence so far is very promising - it can have great practical significance for the future of democracy in the world.