An overview of sea cucumber fishery management in the Fiji Islands
An overview of sea cucumber fishery management in the Fiji Islands
复制标题
斐济群岛海参渔业管理概况
DOI：
10.3923/jfas.2016.191.205
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Southgate
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Ram;Roveena Vandana Chand;P. Southgate
斐济海参渔业始于19世纪初，以应对亚洲市场对Beche-de-mer的需求。渔业在其生命的大部分时间里都表现出典型的“繁荣与萧条”的生产周期。从1984年至2012年，斐济共出口了8，620吨海水贝。1987年（>600吨）、1988年（>700吨）和1996年（>600吨）的出口量特别大，在这些高峰期之后，出口量明显下降。随后在2005年和2011年的出口高峰约为400吨，大大低于20世纪80年代和90年代的水平，2005年之后，年出口量平均为243吨。从2003年到2012年，高价值物种的出口量从14%下降到8%，而中等价值物种的出口量从50%上升到59%。2003年和2004年，尽管暂停出口沙鱼（Holothuria scabra），但该物种仍出现在出口清单上。尽管提出了许多提高斐济海参渔业可持续性的建议，但管理措施主要包括将海参出口尺寸限制为7.62厘米。资源的过度开发和海参库存下降的结果。在其他南太平洋岛国采取的各种渔业管理办法的背景下，对斐济海参渔业的历史作了概述。它包括通过与海参渔民、海贝加工者和其他利益攸关方的访谈收集的数据，并就渔业的有效管理计划提出建议，渔业是斐济沿海社区的一项重要生计活动。
The Fijian sea cucumber fishery began in the early 1800's in response to demand from Asian markets for beche-de-mer. The fishery has shown classic 'boom and bust' production cycles for much of its life. From 1984-2012 a total of 8,620 t of beche-de-mer were exported from Fiji. Particularly large volumes were exported in 1987 (>600 t), 1988 (>700 t) and 1996 (>600 t) and declines in export volumes are notable following these peaks. Subsequent export peaks of around 400 t in 2005 and 2011, are considerably lower than those in the 1980s and 1990s and after 2005, annual exports averaged 243 t. Between 2003 and 2012 export volumes of high value species declined from 14-8%, while that of medium value species increased from 50-59%. Sandfish (Holothuria scabra) appeared on export manifests in 2003 and 2004 despite an export moratorium for this species. Despite numerous recommendations to improved sustainability of the Fijian sea cucumber fishery, management measures consist primarily of an export size limit of 7.62 cm for beche-de-mer. Over-exploitation of the resource and declining sea cucumber stocks have resulted. A historic overview of the Fijian sea cucumber fishery was provided within the context of the various fishery management approached adopted by other South Pacific Island nations. It includes data gathered by interviews with sea cucumber fishermen, beche-de-mer processors and other stakeholders and makes recommendations for an effective management plan for a fishery that is an important livelihood activity for coastal communities in Fiji.