Hearing loss in older adulthood - What it is and how it interacts with cognitive performance
Hearing loss in older adulthood - What it is and how it interacts with cognitive performance
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00356.x
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
McCoy, SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wingfield, A;Tun, PA;McCoy, SL
成人衰老伴随着许多认知功能领域的衰退，包括对新信息的记忆力下降。这些下降的潜在来源是明确的，包括加工速度减慢，工作记忆能力下降，抑制干扰的能力下降。此外，老年人经常会出现感觉下降，包括对高频声音的听力敏锐度下降以及频率和时间分辨率的缺陷。这些变化增加了老年人在理解和记忆日常快速言语方面所面临的挑战。使用上下文信息和增加知觉和认知努力可以部分抵消这些感官下降的有害影响。然而，这可能以资源为代价，否则这些资源可能可用于“下游”操作，诸如在存储器中编码语音内容。我们认为，未来的研究不仅应该集中在感觉和认知功能作为独立的领域，但也对他们的互动的动态。
Adult aging is accompanied by declines in many areas of cognitive functioning, including reduced memory for new information. Potential sources of these declines are well established and include slowed processing, diminished working-memory capacity, and a reduced ability to inhibit interference. In addition, older adults often experience sensory decline, including decreased hearing acuity for high-frequency sounds and deficits in frequency and temporal resolution. These changes add to the challenge faced by older adults in comprehension and memory for everyday rapid speech. Use of contextual information and added perceptual and cognitive effort can partially offset the deleterious effects of these sensory declines. This may, however, come at a cost to resources that might otherwise be available for "downstream" operations such as encoding the speech content in memory. We argue that future research should focus not only on sensory and cognitive functioning as separate domains but also on the dynamics of their interaction.