Streptolysin S' of Streptococcus pyogenes: studies on phospholipase activity.
Streptolysin S' of Streptococcus pyogenes: studies on phospholipase activity.
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化脓性链球菌的链球菌溶血素 S：磷脂酶活性研究。
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a129704
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发表时间：
1971
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
H. Okazaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Okazaki
溶血素S'（SLS）是一种由溶血性链球菌合成的细胞外毒素，在本实验室以高纯度的形式获得(1)。本实验室之前的工作(2)已经确定纯化的SLS是由分子量为3200 *的单肽链和添加寡核苷酸刺激毒素形成的复合物。SLS能够裂解多种膜结合结构，如红细胞(3)、血小板(4)、细菌原生质体或球质体（5,6）和亚细胞器，如溶酶体(7)、线粒体(8)。但阿纳达拉（Anadara inflata）是一种海洋双壳类动物，磷脂含量低，其红细胞膜对SLS具有相当的抵抗力(9)。如前所述（10），sls诱导的裂解可能涉及与一种或多种膜磷脂的相互作用。但具体涉及哪一种磷脂及其酶解是否发生仍是推测性的。值得注意的是，B. megaterium KM原生质体对SLS异常敏感(5)。由于该微生物的膜磷脂几乎完全是磷脂酰乙醇胺（11,12），因此可以推断该物质可能在SLS的细胞毒作用中起关键作用。众所周知，SLS的溶血作用可被少量磷脂酰胆碱抑制（13），但不受胆固醇的抑制（14）。此外，它还会破坏由磷脂酰胆碱、胆固醇和磷酸二酯组成的人工脂质球（15）。这些观察结果表明，磷脂酰胆碱或磷脂酰乙醇胺或两者都特别参与其作用。事实上，SLS经常被认为是一种磷脂酶[EC 3]。1. 1. [4],（例如参见Ref. 16），没有任何直接的实验证据。本研究的目的是为SLS的磷脂酶活性提供直接证据。
Streptolysin S'(SLS) is an extracellular toxin elaborated by hemolytic streptococci, and has been obtained in a highly purified form in this laboratory (I). Previous work in this laboratory (2) has established that purified SLS is a complex composed of a single poly peptide chain with a molecular weight of 3,200* and oligoribonucleotides added to stimulate the toxin formation. SLS is capable of lysing a variety of membrane-bound structures, as erythrocytes (3), platelets (4), bacterial protoplasts or spheroplasts (5, 6) and subcellular organelles such as lysosomes (7), mitochondria(8). But erythrocyte membranes of Anadara inflata, a marine bivalve, poor in phospholipids, are quite resistant to SLS (9). As suggested earlier (10), it seems probable that SLS-induced lysis involves an interaction with one or more membrane phospholipids. But which particular phospholipid (s) is involved and whether or not its enzymatic hydrolysis oc curs remain conjectural. It is noteworthy that B. megaterium KM protoplasts are extraordinarily sensitive to SLS (5). Since the membrane phospholipid of this microorganism is almost exclusively phosphatidyl ethanol amine (11, 12), it can be inferred that this substance may play a key role in the cytotoxic action of SLS. It is well known that the hemolytic action of SLS is inhibited by small amounts of phosphatidyl choline (13), but not by cholesterol (14). Moreover, it disrupts artificial lipid spherules made up of phos phatidyl choline, cholesterol, and dicetyl phos phate (15). These observations suggest that phosphatidyl choline, or phosphatidyl ethanol amine, or both, are specifically involved in its action. Indeed SLS has been often regarded as a phospholipase [EC 3. 1. 1. 4],(for example see Ref. 16), without any direct experimental evidence. It was the purpose of the present investigation to provide direct evidence for phospholipase activity of SLS.