High-Resolution PM2.5 Emissions and Associated Health Impact Inequalities in an Indian District
High-Resolution PM2.5 Emissions and Associated Health Impact Inequalities in an Indian District
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.2c05636
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发表时间：
2023-02-02
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Kumar, Vivek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tomar, Gaurav;Nagpure, Ajay Singh;Kumar, Vivek
环境空气污染对发展中国家人口健康和生计的影响是不成比例的。由于缺乏关于微观排放数据的信息，特别是在较小的城市和农村地区，这些差异往往被忽视。目前在印度的一个地区萨哈兰布尔开展的工作建议使用新的数据集来估计城市和农村地区空气污染基础设施部门的微观排放量，以用于污染物迁移模型。根据地表PM2.5浓度估计的健康影响表明，城市和农村地区的过早死亡率分别为每10万人158人（95%CI：122- 163）和143人（95%CI：65-151）。68%的6372（95%CI：3321-6987）年过早死亡发生在农村地区。该研究描述了社会经济群体之间更高的贡献-暴露差异，观察到，与他们对空气污染的贡献相比，该地区低社会经济地位（SES）群体因工业，家庭烹饪燃料燃烧，露天垃圾燃烧和运输而暴露于PM2.5而过早死亡的人数分别增加了6%，7%，7%和26%。在研究领域中，大多数残疾调整生命年（DIFE）是在经济上较弱的工人类别中观察到的。由于这些生命年的损失而导致的收入减少将对这些群体产生重大影响，因为他们的基本生活必需品依赖于每日工资。以这些不平等为重点的微观污染缓解政策对于促进环境公平和正义至关重要。
Health and livelihood impacts from ambient air pollution among populations in developing countries are disproportional. These disparities are often overlooked due to a lack of information on microlevel emission data, especially in smaller cities and rural areas. The current work in an Indian district, Saharanpur, proposes the use of novel data sets to estimate microlevel emissions from air-polluting infrastructure sectors in urban and rural areas for use in pollutant transport models. Health impacts estimated based on the surface PM2.5 concentration suggest that the rate of premature deaths is 158 (95% CI: 122- 163) and 143 (95% CI: 65-151) deaths per 100 000 people in urban and rural areas, respectively. Sixty-eight percent of the 6372 (95% CI: 3321-6987) annual premature deaths occurs in rural areas. Depicting higher contribution-exposure disparities among socioeconomic groups, the study observed that compared to their contribution to air pollution, low socioeconomic status (SES) groups in the region experience 6,7, 7, and 26% more premature deaths from PM2.5 exposure for industries, household cooking fuel burning, open waste burning, and transportation, respectively. The majority of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the study domain are observed in economically weaker worker categories. Reduced income due to the loss of these life years will significantly impact these groups due to their dependence on daily wages for basic life necessities. Microlevel pollution mitigation policies with a focus on these inequalities are critical for promoting environmental equity and justice.