Vertical distributions of lightning sources and flashes over Kennedy Space Center, Florida

Vertical distributions of lightning sources and flashes over Kennedy Space Center, Florida
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佛罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心上空雷源和闪光的垂直分布

DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Pickering
K. Pickering
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Hansen;H. Fuelberg;K. Pickering

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[1]暖季垂直分布的闪电源和闪光段使用的数据来自肯尼迪航天中心，弗拉的闪电探测和测距网络。我们强调在每个级别的源/闪光段的百分比相比，垂直总数和目前的分布作为一个功能的风暴顶部以上的地面水平（AGL）。源和闪光段的垂直剖面相互比较，并与以前的研究。结果表明，风暴顶部高于10 km AGL往往有双峰或多峰分布的百分比源和闪光段。然而，风暴的顶部低于1000公里AGL的分布只有一个主要的峰值。在垂直分布的闪光百分比的时间变化进行了检查的四个集群的风暴发生在不同的日子。结果显示相当大的风暴风暴和风暴内的变化。然而，在这四种情况之间观察到两个相似之处：（1）最大闪光密度（闪光片段km-3）出现在最大风暴顶部;（2）随着风暴强度的增加，最大闪光密度和闪光片段百分比都在高度上增加，然后随着风暴衰减，两者都在高度上降低。分布是有用的了解闪电特性作为风暴演变的函数，指定的垂直分布的闪电产生的氮氧化物的化学传输模型和验证模型模拟的闪电。
[1] Warm season vertical distributions of lightning sources and flash segments are presented using data from the lightning detection and ranging network at Kennedy Space Center, Fla. We emphasize the percentage of sources/flash segments at each level compared to the vertical total and present the distributions as a function of storm top above ground level (AGL). The vertical profiles of sources and flash segments are compared with each other and with those from previous studies. Results indicate that storms with tops higher than ∼10 km AGL often have a bimodal or multiple peak distribution of percentage sources and flash segments. However, distributions for storms with tops lower than ∼10 km AGL exhibit only a single dominant peak. Temporal variations in the vertical distributions of flash percentages are examined for four clusters of storms occurring on different days. Results reveal considerable storm-to-storm and intrastorm variability. However, two similarities are observed between the four cases: (1) maximum flash density (flash segments km−3) occurs as the maximum storm top is reached and (2) as the storms increase in intensity, both maximum flash density and flash segment percentage increase in altitude, and then both decrease in altitude as the storms decay. The distributions are useful for understanding lightning characteristics as a function of storm evolution, specifying the vertical distribution of lightning-produced nitrogen oxides in chemical transport models and verifying model-simulated lightning.