Mode of action of common anthelmintics
Mode of action of common anthelmintics
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常见驱虫药的作用方式
DOI：
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发表时间：
1978
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Rew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Rew
几乎所有用于控制蠕虫寄生虫的药物的主要生理作用模式尚不清楚。然而，就寄生虫生存要求而言，对一般作用模式的研究可能为继续我们目前的调查提供指导，并指导我们今后的研究。
药物活性的两个一般领域是（1）干扰能量产生代谢，以及（2）干扰适当的神经肌肉协调。在这些区域几乎没有发现例外，因为目标生物几乎不需要其他东西来生存。
大多数以前有效的和许多目前有效的驱虫剂的靶标是成虫寄生虫。成虫寄生虫必须保持一个有利的进食部位，必须运输和代谢底物（主要是葡萄糖），以产生维持生命的能量。蠕虫几乎没有其他短期生存要求，因为它们在脂质合成或氧化、核酸合成或蛋白质合成（产卵除外）方面几乎没有代谢活动。
检查产生能量的代谢和假定的神经化学递质的细节，使我们能够在将给定的药物活性与单个物种联系起来时进行某些预测。这些检查表明，这种多样性存在于蠕虫代谢或神经系统中，广谱驱虫剂最有可能在几个敏感点抑制。
已发表的药物作用的信息和数据解释的差异进行了讨论。未来驱虫剂研究的两个新领域可能是（1）保幼激素或蜕皮激素类似物，和（2）信息素。结合经验和理性的方法来开发新药可能是未来研究的最有效途径。
The primary physiological mode of action of nearly all drugs used to control helminth parasites is not well understood. Examination of the general modes of action in terms of parasite requirements for survival may, however, provide guidelines to continue our present investigations and direct us for future research.
Two general areas of drug activity are (1) interference with energy-generating metabolism, and (2) interference with proper neuromuscular coordination. Few exceptions are found to these areas because the target organisms require little else for survival.
The target of most previously effective and many presently effective anthelmintics is an adult parasite. Adult helminth parasites must maintain an advantageous feeding site and must transport and metabolize substrates (primarily glucose) to generate life-maintaining energy. Adult worms have almost no other short-term requirements for survival because they have little or no metabolic activity in either lipid synthesis or oxidation, nucleic acid synthesis, or protein synthesis (except egg-laying).
Examination of specifics of energy-generating metabolism and putative neurochemical transmitters allows us certain predictions in relating a given drug activity to an individual species. These examinations indicate that such diversity exists among helminth metabolic or nervous systems that a broad-spectrum anthelmintic would most likely inhibit at several sensitive points.
Published information on drug action and differences in data interpretation are discussed. Two novel areas for future anthelmintic investigations may be (1) juvenile hormone or ecdysone analogs, and (2) pheromones. A combined empirical and rational approach to the development of new drugs may be the most efficient avenue of future research.