What we have lost: Mastitis resistance in Holstein Friesians and in a local cattle breed
What we have lost: Mastitis resistance in Holstein Friesians and in a local cattle breed
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.11.020
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Riva, Federica
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Curone, Giulio;Filipe, Joel;Riva, Federica
在荷斯坦弗里西亚奶牛中，与选择较少和产量较低的奶牛相比，选择性增加产奶量的压力导致了更高的疾病倾向，包括乳房炎。这些“地方品种”对疾病具有较高抵抗力的生物学基础还没有完全被了解。为了研究与这一现象相关的因素，我们应用多学科方法比较了在同一农场和相同管理条件下饲养的荷斯坦-弗里西亚和伦迪纳奶牛的先天免疫反应模式、代谢参数、乳蛋白谱和乳汁微生物区系。分别在产后1天、产后7-10天和产后30天采集奶牛产后1/4乳样和血浆。对四分之一的牛奶样品进行细菌培养，用16S元基因组学鉴定牛奶微生物区系，用电泳法和密度计法测定牛奶蛋白，体细胞计数，测定炎症标志物放线菌素，并评估不同的天然免疫相关介质，如溶菌酶、CD45、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α、PTX3、IL-1R8。同时测定血浆中的主要炎症代谢参数。尽管动物数量相对较少(6只中等产量的荷斯坦黑白花牛和4只低产量的Rendena)，但一些重要的差异是显而易见的。与Rendena奶牛相比，荷斯坦Friesian奶牛产后脂肪动员和全身炎症反应更严重，Rendena奶牛产后肌肉质量更大，氨基酸动员更多。经细菌学分析，两品种牛乳中没有金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌等传染性细菌，但两品种牛乳微生物区系的总体组成存在显著差异。关于牛奶蛋白丰度分布，在初乳中可以看到显著的差异，在伦迪纳，免疫球蛋白和其他免疫相关蛋白的数量明显更高。此外，与Rendena相比，荷斯坦Friesian初乳中天然免疫相关基因如PTX3、IL-1β、TNF-α和Krt5在乳上皮细胞和白细胞成分中的表达分别较低。总而言之，尽管养殖条件相同，但两个品种仍有一些不同之处。这项工作中报告的观察提供了许多指向可能为本土的、更乡村的品种提供更高抗病能力的因素的指针。
In Holstein Friesian dairy cows, selective pressure for increased milk production has led to a higher propensity to disease, including mastitis, when compared to less selected and lower producing dairy breeds. The biology underpinning the higher resistance to disease of such "local breeds" is not fully understood. With the aim of investigating the factors associated to this phenomenon, we applied a multidisciplinary approach to compare innate immune response patterns, metabolic parameters, milk protein profiles and the milk microbiota in Holstein Friesian and Rendena cows reared in the same farm and under the same management conditions. Quarter milk samples and blood plasma were collected from all cows at dry-off, 1 day after calving, 7-10 days after calving and 30 days after calving. Quarter milk samples were subjected to bacteriological culture, characterization of the milk microbiota by 16S metagenomics, milk protein profiling by electrophoresis and densitometry, somatic cell counting, measurement of the inflammation marker cathelicidin and assessment of different innate immune-related mediators such as lysozyme, CD45, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, PTX3, IL-1R8. In parallel, the main inflammometabolic parameters were measured in blood plasma samples. Despite having relatively few animals (6 moderate-yielding Holstein Friesian and 4 low-yielding Rendena) some important differences were apparent. Holstein Friesian cows showed a more severe fat mobilization and systemic inflammatory response postpartum in comparison with Rendena cows, which had a greater postpartum muscle mass and an increased amino acid mobilization compared to Holstein Friesians. Upon bacteriological analysis, contagious bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae were absent, but significant differences were seen in the general composition of the milk microbiota of the two breeds. Concerning the milk protein abundance profile, pronounced differences were seen in colostrum, with significantly higher amounts of immunoglobulins and other immune-related proteins in Rendena. Added to this, the expression of innate immune related genes such as PTX3, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and KRT5 expression in milk epithelial and leukocyte cell components, respectively, was lower in Holstein Friesian colostrum compared with Rendena. In conclusion, several differences were observed in the two breeds, in spite of the same farming conditions. The observations reported in this work present numerous pointers to the factors that may provide autochthonous, more rustic breeds with a higher resistance to disease.