Regimes of Expectations: An Active Inference Model of Social Conformity and Human Decision Making
Regimes of Expectations: An Active Inference Model of Social Conformity and Human Decision Making
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00679
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发表时间：
2019-03-29
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Friston, Karl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Constant, Axel;Ramstead, Maxwell J. D.;Friston, Karl
人类是如何获得关于他们在不同的规范化社会环境中应该如何行为的共同期望的？本文提供了一个规范的框架来回答这个问题。我们介绍了计算结构的“道义价值”-基于主动推理和马尔可夫决策过程-正式的社会整合和人类决策的概念。道义价值是选择、行为或动作序列的属性，这些属性直接继承自我们经济学中的道义线索（例如，红色交通灯）;即，表示强制性社会规则的线索。至关重要的是，道义价值的亲社会方面依赖于一种特殊形式的循环因果关系：道义线索存在于环境中，是因为环境被重复的行动所改变，而行动本身则取决于环境线索的道义价值。我们认为，这种道义线索的建设，使认识（即，信息寻求）和实用（即，目标寻求）价值的任何行为要'缓存'或'外包'给环境，其中环境有效地'学习'有关其居民的行为。我们描述的过程中，这一特定方面的价值，使学习习惯性行为的神经发育和跨代的时间尺度。
How do humans come to acquire shared expectations about how they ought to behave in distinct normalized social settings? This paper offers a normative framework to answer this question. We introduce the computational construct of 'deontic value' - based on active inference and Markov decision processes - to formalize conceptions of social conformity and human decision-making. Deontic value is an attribute of choices, behaviors, or action sequences that inherit directly from deontic cues in our econiche (e.g., red traffic lights); namely, cues that denote an obligatory social rule. Crucially, the prosocial aspect of deontic value rests upon a particular form of circular causality: deontic cues exist in the environment in virtue of the environment being modified by repeated actions, while action itself is contingent upon the deontic value of environmental cues. We argue that this construction of deontic cues enables the epistemic (i.e., information-seeking) and pragmatic (i.e., goal- seeking) values of any behavior to be 'cached' or 'outsourced' to the environment, where the environment effectively 'learns' about the behavior of its denizens. We describe the process whereby this particular aspect of value enables learning of habitual behavior over neurodevelopmental and transgenerational timescales.