CALIPSO (IIR-CALIOP) Retrievals of Cirrus Cloud Ice Particle Concentrations.
CALIPSO (IIR-CALIOP) Retrievals of Cirrus Cloud Ice Particle Concentrations.
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CALIPSO (IIR-CALIOP) 卷云冰粒子浓度反演。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Ehsan Erfani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Mitchell;A. Garnier;J. Pelon;Ehsan Erfani
本文介绍了一种新的卫星遥感方法，利用热红外波共振吸收对小冰晶的敏感性来估计卷云冰粒子数浓度N、有效直径De和冰水含量IWC。该方法使用了CALIPSO（云-气溶胶激光雷达和红外探路者卫星观测）极轨道卫星上的红外成像辐射计（IIR）和CALIOP（正交偏振云和气溶胶激光雷达）激光雷达的共定位观测，使用了10.6 μm和12.05 μm的IIR通道。利用TC 4（热带成分、云和气候耦合）和中纬度SPARTICUS（卷云中的小粒子）场活动的几次飞行测量的粒子尺寸分布，我们首次表明N/IWC与βeff密切相关; β eff是12.05 μm和10.6 μm处的有效吸收光学深度之比。从飞机现场测量中得出的关系式被应用于从IIR测量中得出的βeff，以反演N。这种卫星遥感方法受到来自IIR的βeff测量值的限制，并且本质上对最小的冰晶敏感。讨论了反演的不确定性，包括与小冰晶（D < 15 µm）的原位测量有关的不确定性，通过与IIR βeff的比较研究了这些不确定性。该方法在这里被应用于具有约0.3和3之间的可见光深度的单层半透明云，其中云底温度≤ 235 K。分析了2008年和2013年两年的CALIPSO数据，描述了卷云N和De对高度、温度、纬度、季节（冬季与夏季）和地形（陆地与海洋）的依赖性。中纬度地区的结果显示出相当大的季节依赖性。在高纬度地区，N往往最高，De最小，而热带地区则相反。在高纬度地区，这些相对较厚的卷云的出现频率表现出很强的季节依赖性，北极冬季的出现频率至少是其他季节的两倍。可能解释这些微观和宏观云现象的过程进行了讨论。
A new satellite remote sensing method is described whereby the sensitivity of thermal infrared wave resonance absorption to small ice crystals is exploited to estimate cirrus cloud ice particle number concentration N, effective diameter De, and ice water content IWC. This method uses co-located observations from the Infrared Imaging Radiometer (IIR) and from the CALIOP (Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) lidar aboard the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) polar orbiting satellite, employing IIR channels at 10.6 μm and 12.05 μm. Using particle size distributions measured over several flights of the TC4 (Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling) and the mid-latitudes SPARTICUS (Small Particles in Cirrus) field campaigns, we show for the first time that N/IWC is tightly related to βeff; the ratio of effective absorption optical depths at 12.05 μm and 10.6 μm. Relationships developed from in situ aircraft measurements are applied to βeff derived from IIR measurements to retrieve N. This satellite remote sensing method is constrained by measurements of βeff from the IIR and is by essence sensitive to the smallest ice crystals. Retrieval uncertainties are discussed, including uncertainties related to in situ measurement of small ice crystals (D < 15 µm), which are studied through comparisons with IIR βeff. The method is applied here to single-layered semi-transparent clouds having a visible optical depth between about 0.3 and 3, where cloud base temperature is ≤ 235 K. Two years of CALIPSO data have been analyzed for the years 2008 and 2013, with the dependence of cirrus cloud N and De on altitude, temperature, latitude, season (winter vs. summer) and topography (land vs. ocean) described. The results for the mid-latitudes show a considerable dependence on season. In the high latitudes, N tends to be highest and De smallest, whereas the opposite is true for the tropics. The frequency of occurrence of these relatively thick cirrus clouds exhibited a strong seasonal dependence in the high latitudes, with the occurrence frequency during Arctic winter being at least twice that of any other season. Processes that could potentially explain some of these micro-and macroscopic cloud phenomena are discussed.
北极、中纬度和热带卷云的冰水含量 - 第 2 部分：数据库扩展和新的统计分析
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Luebke;L. Avallone;C. Schiller;C. Rolf;M. Krämer
通讯作者：
M. Krämer
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Delanoe, Julien;Hogan, Robin J.
通讯作者：
Hogan, Robin J.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Delanoe, Julien;Hogan, Robin J.
通讯作者：
Hogan, Robin J.