Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe: Equal opportunity and intergenerational mobility: going beyond intergenerational income transition matrices
Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe: Equal opportunity and intergenerational mobility: going beyond intergenerational income transition matrices
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北美和欧洲的代际收入流动性：平等机会和代际流动性：超越代际收入转型矩阵
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511492549.004
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Roemer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Roemer
欧洲和北美的政策制定者常常把“新”经济--一种以人力资本和技能为基础的经济--想象为经济增长的源泉，并越来越关注社会所有成员能够在多大程度上参与和体验生活水平的提高。“获取”、“社会包容”和“机会平等”是判断公共政策变化的常用术语，因此，迫切需要制定指标，说明社会机构在多大程度上体现了这些特征并导致“公平”的结果。这种情况长期以来一直存在，事实上，这也是代际收入流动程度被视为与政策相关的主要原因之一。如果儿童成年后的结果与其家庭背景之间的联系相当松散，那么在某种意义上，可以认为竞争环境是平等的，儿童在收入分配中的地位是他们自己努力的结果，而不是出生的意外。因此，代际流动的程度被认为与社会包容和机会平等密切相关，而社会包容和机会平等是被广泛接受的道德规范，往往使公共机构合法化，因此是共同命运感的核心。在本章中，我将正式讨论机会平等与代际收入流动性之间的关系。
P olicy makers in both Europe and North America often imagine a “new” economy – an economy based upon human capital and skills – as the source of economic growth, and are increasingly concerned with the extent to which all members of their societies are able to participate and experience a rising standard of living. “Access,” “social inclusion,” and “equality of opportunity” are the terms by which public policy changes are often judged, and there is as a result a strong need for indicators of the extent to which social institutions embody these characteristics and lead to “fair” outcomes. This has long been the case and in fact is one of the principal reasons the degree of intergenerational income mobility is viewed as being policy relevant. If the tie between the adult outcomes of children and their family background is rather loose then in some sense the playing field might be thought of as level, children's position in the income distribution being the result of their own efforts rather than accidents of birth. As such, the degree of intergenerational mobility is perceived as being closely related to social inclusion and equality of opportunity, ethics that are widely accepted, often legitimize public institutions, and as a result are central to a sense of shared destiny. In this chapter, I will formally discuss the relationship between equality of opportunity and intergenerational income mobility.