Potential probiotic yeasts isolated from the fish gut protect zebrafish (Danio rerio) from a Vibrio anguillarum challenge.
Potential probiotic yeasts isolated from the fish gut protect zebrafish (Danio rerio) from a Vibrio anguillarum challenge.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2015.01093
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Navarrete P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caruffo M;Navarrete N;Salgado O;Díaz A;López P;García K;Feijóo CG;Navarrete P
由于使用抗生素的负面影响，研究人员和食品生产商已经研究了替代品，如益生菌，以控制鱼类疾病。酵母菌在水产养殖中的益生特性很少被考虑。本研究探讨了本地酵母菌株的益生特性，用于水产养殖应用中的细菌性疾病的保护。酵母菌株（n = 15），以前分离的肠道健康鲑鱼，黄尾鱼，和黄花鱼，评估其保护斑马鱼幼虫后，鳗弧菌的挑战。我们建立了一个用鳗弧菌感染斑马鱼幼鱼的模型，观察到浸泡攻击后5天的快速死亡率（≥50%）。用荧光标记的鳗弧菌感染Tg（Lyz：DsRed）nz 50幼虫显示口腔-肠道是感染的自然途径，伴随着由造血组织外的中性粒细胞迁移反映的幼虫的炎症反应。15个菌株中有13个菌株提高了鳗弧菌攻击后幼虫的存活率，尽管没有酵母显示出体外抗鳗弧菌活性。在酵母菌的一个子集，我们探讨了酵母幼虫的相互作用，荧光酵母和评估幼虫殖民文化分析。所有荧光酵母菌均位于胃肠道中，直至接种后5天（dpi）。酵母菌在0 dpi时达到103 CFU/幼虫，尽管在肠道中活酵母菌直到5 dpi的持久性在菌株之间是不同的。这些结果表明，从鱼的肠道中分离的一些酵母菌可能是潜在的益生菌，降低与鳗弧菌挑战相关的死亡率，并表明肠道定植可能参与保护作用。未来的研究应该阐明酵母保护的其他机制，并验证益生菌在商业鱼类中的有益作用。
Due to the negative consequences associated with the use of antibiotics, researchers, and food producers have studied alternatives, such as probiotics, for the control of fish diseases. The probiotic properties of yeasts in aquaculture have been scarcely considered. The present study investigated the probiotic properties of local yeast strains for aquaculture application in the protection of bacterial diseases. Yeast strains (n = 15), previously isolated from the intestinal gut of healthy salmonids, yellowtail, and croaker, were evaluated for their protection of zebrafish larvae following a Vibrio anguillarum challenge. We developed an infection model on zebrafish larvae with V. anguillarum, observing rapid mortality (≥50%) 5 days post-immersion challenge. Infection of Tg(Lyz:DsRed)nz50 larvae with fluorescent-marked V. anguillarum showed the oro-intestinal as the natural route of infection concomitant with an inflammatory response of the larvae reflected by neutrophil migration outside the hematopoietic tissue. Thirteen of 15 strains increased the percentage of larvae survival after the V. anguillarum challenge, although no yeast showed in vitro anti-V. anguillarum activity. In a subset of yeasts, we explored yeast–larvae interactions using fluorescent yeast and evaluated larvae colonization by culture analysis. All fluorescent yeasts were located in the gastrointestinal tract until 5 days post-inoculation (dpi). Yeasts reached 103 CFU/larvae at 0 dpi, although the persistence until 5 dpi of the viable yeast in the gut was different among the strains. These results reveal that some yeasts isolated from the gut of fish could be potential probiotics, reducing the mortality associated to V. anguillarum challenge, and suggest that gut colonization could be involved in the protective effect. Future studies should elucidate other mechanisms involved in yeast protection and verify the beneficial effects of probiotic use in commercial fish species.