Massive Activation of Archaeal Defense Genes during Viral Infection
Massive Activation of Archaeal Defense Genes during Viral Infection
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.01020-13
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Prangishvili, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Quax, Tessa E. F.;Voet, Marleen;Prangishvili, David
病毒显示出异常高的遗传和形态多样性。对这些病毒的研究被证明有助于扩大对病毒多样性和进化的了解。冰岛硫化叶菌杆状病毒2（Sulfolobus islandicus rod shaped virus 2，SIRV 2）是研究冰岛硫化叶菌中病毒-宿主相互作用的模型。它是一种裂解性病毒，利用基于宿主细胞包膜上显著的锥体结构的形成的独特外出机制。使用全转录组测序，我们在这里提出了一个全球地图定义主机和病毒基因表达过程中的SIRV 2感染周期在其超嗜热宿主S。islandicus LAL 14/1.这些信息与SIRV 2蛋白相互作用的酵母双杂交分析相结合，用于推进目前对病毒基因功能的理解。由于SIRV 2感染，超过三分之一的S. islandicus基因差异调节。虽然参与细胞分裂的基因表达减少，但那些在抗病毒防御中发挥作用的基因被大规模激活。属于毒素-抗毒素和成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）-Cas系统的基因的表达特别明显。观察到的各种CRISPR-Cas系统不同程度的激活突出了它们执行的专门功能。关于个体基因表达和抗病毒防御系统激活的信息有望有助于未来的研究，旨在详细了解这些系统在体内的功能和相互作用。
Archaeal viruses display unusually high genetic and morphological diversity. Studies of these viruses proved to be instrumental for the expansion of knowledge on viral diversity and evolution. The Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2 (SIRV2) is a model to study virus-host interactions in Archaea. It is a lytic virus that exploits a unique egress mechanism based on the formation of remarkable pyramidal structures on the host cell envelope. Using whole-transcriptome sequencing, we present here a global map defining host and viral gene expression during the infection cycle of SIRV2 in its hyperthermophilic host S. islandicus LAL14/1. This information was used, in combination with a yeast two-hybrid analysis of SIRV2 protein interactions, to advance current understanding of viral gene functions. As a consequence of SIRV2 infection, transcription of more than one-third of S. islandicus genes was differentially regulated. While expression of genes involved in cell division decreased, those genes playing a role in antiviral defense were activated on a large scale. Expression of genes belonging to toxin-antitoxin and clustered regularly inter-spaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas systems was specifically pronounced. The observed different degree of activation of various CRISPR-Cas systems highlights the specialized functions they perform. The information on individual gene expression and activation of antiviral defense systems is expected to aid future studies aimed at detailed understanding of the functions and interplay of these systems in vivo.