Agriculture for development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Agriculture for development in Sub-Saharan Africa
复制标题
撒哈拉以南非洲的农业促进发展
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Niama Nango Dembélé
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Staatz;Niama Nango Dembélé
本文认为，以农业为主导的经济增长战略为撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）的大多数国家提供了快速经济增长和减轻贫困的最佳机会。鉴于撒哈拉以南非洲的巨大异质性，没有一场亚洲式的绿色革命可能推动这种增长。相反，撒哈拉以南非洲需要发展一系列适合其不同生态位和市场机会的差异化农业革命。撒南非洲在促进这一增长方面面临独特的组织挑战，原因是土壤风化较多;基础设施比世界其他地区薄弱得多;社会和语言体系高度异质;一些国家治理不善;以及大量的小国，这使得农业发展的一些主要推动者难以实现规模经济，如农业研究，高等教育，市场开发和监管。在撒哈拉以南非洲，需要加速、确保和更有效地利用增长，以促进广泛的共同发展。这需要两个要素。第一个挑战是扭转过去在非洲农业中出现的大规模投资不足和严重投资不当的情况，这种情况导致非洲人为放弃发展付出巨大代价。现在有机会增加非洲农业的生产性投资和提高投资效率，这可以大大提高生产力和产出，特别是在某些小农户群体中。第二个要素是抓住生产力增长的一部分，帮助为一系列投资、计划和政策提供资金，这些投资、计划和政策在中短期内将确保面临严重资源和生产力限制的小农的资产和获得服务的机会，而在长期内，为他们或他们的子女提供一条摆脱低生产力农业的道路。
This paper argues that an agriculture-led strategy of economic growth offers most countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) their best chance at rapid economic growth and poverty alleviation. Given the huge heterogeneity of SSA, no single Asian-style green revolution is likely to drive that growth. Rather, SSA will need to develop a series of differentiated agricultural revolutions suited to its varied ecological niches and market opportunities. SSA faces unique organizational challenges in fostering this growth, due to more weathered soils; much weaker infrastructure than other areas of the world; highly heterogeneous social and linguistic systems; poor governance in some countries; and a large number of small countries, which makes it difficult to achieve economies of scale in some of the prime movers of agricultural development, such as agricultural research, higher education, and market development and regulation. In sub-Saharan Africa growth needs to be accelerated, secured and used more effectively to promote broadly shared development. This requires two elements. The first is a reversal in the massive underinvestment and significant mis-investment that has taken place in the past in African agriculture, which has led to a huge cost in forgone development for Africans. There is an opportunity now for increased productive investment and improved efficiency of investment in African agriculture, which can significantly increase productivity and output, especially among certain groups of smallholders. The second element is to capture part of this productivity growth to help finance a set of investments, programs and policies that in the short to medium term will secure the assets and access to services of those smallholders facing severe resource and productivity constraints, while over the longer term provide them or their children with a path out of low-productivity farming.