Effects of Artisanal Fishing on Marine Communities in the Galápagos Islands
Effects of Artisanal Fishing on Marine Communities in the Galápagos Islands
复制标题
手工捕鱼对加拉帕戈斯群岛海洋群落的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Ruttenberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Ruttenberg
摘要：加拉帕戈斯群岛拥有热带地区受影响最小的海洋生态系统，但有迹象表明，当地的手工捕鱼正在影响被开发的海洋社区。为了量化这些影响，我采样社区的鱼类和海胆在一些严重捕捞和轻度捕捞的网站在整个群岛的中部岛屿。根据作为当地渔业监测研究的一部分收集的信息选择了地点，并在一些非生物因素中进行了标准化。主要目标物种的栖息地和生物量显着低于在轻度捕捞的网站，在捕捞量大的网站。群落结构也不同，严重和轻度捕捞的网站。聚类分析的整个社会的鱼类和一个子集的非目标鱼类显示，在一个治疗的网站更相似的治疗之间的网站。草食性鱼类的丰度往往较低，海胆的丰度往往较高，在严重捕捞的网站，但这些差异并不显着。我的研究结果令人鼓舞，因为个体捕捞的直接影响仅限于主要目标物种，这可能是由于渔具的高度特异性。然而，社区结构的差异表明，个体捕鱼也对整个社区的非商业物种产生连锁效应。需要更好地了解重要的生态相互作用，增加生态和渔业监测，以及有效的预防性管理，以确保人类对这些沃茨的影响保持在最低限度。
Abstract: The Galápagos Islands harbor some of the least impacted marine ecosystems in the tropics, but there are indications that local artisanal fishing is affecting exploited marine communities. To quantify these effects, I sampled communities of fishes and sea urchins at a number of heavily fished and lightly fished sites throughout the central islands of the archipelago. Sites were selected based on information collected as part of a local fisheries monitoring study and standardized across a number of abiotic factors. Abundance and biomass of the primary target species were significantly lower in the heavily fished sites than in the lightly fished sites. Community structure also differed between heavily and lightly fished sites. Cluster analyses of the full community of fishes and a subset of nontarget fishes revealed that sites within a treatment were more similar to one another than sites between treatments. Herbivorous fishes tended to be lower in abundance and sea urchins tended to be higher in abundance in heavily fished sites, but these differences were not significant. My results are encouraging in that the direct effects of artisanal fishing are limited to the primary target species, which probably results from a high specificity of fishing gear. The differences in community structure, however, suggest that artisanal fishing also has cascading effects on noncommercial species throughout the community. An improved understanding of important ecological interactions, increased ecological and fishery monitoring, and effective precautionary management are needed to ensure that human effects in these waters remain minimal.