Determination of ambient air concentrations and personal exposure risk levels of outdoor workers to carbonyl compounds and BTEX in the inner city of Bangkok, Thailand
Determination of ambient air concentrations and personal exposure risk levels of outdoor workers to carbonyl compounds and BTEX in the inner city of Bangkok, Thailand
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apr.2015.10.008
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Navaporn Kanjanasiranont;T. Prueksasit;Daisy Morknoy;Tanasorn Tunsaringkarn;Saowanee Sematong;W. Siriwong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Navaporn Kanjanasiranont;T. Prueksasit;Daisy Morknoy;Tanasorn Tunsaringkarn;Saowanee Sematong;W. Siriwong
在泰国曼谷的Pathumwan地区，对交通相关空气污染严重的环境和个人空气中的苯、甲苯、二甲苯和二甲苯（BTEX）以及羰基化合物（CCs）进行了调查。估计了接触这些物质的三个代表性街头工作者群体（街头小贩、摩托车出租车司机和保安）的潜在健康风险。在雨季（2012年9月）和夏季（2013年3月）采集个人空气暴露和环境空气样本。8小时的平均甲醛和乙醛暴露水平的个人和环境空气中的浓度被认为是主要的CC。在百货公司旁边的一个忙碌十字路口的路边发现了最高的甲醛平均水平（20.1 μg/m3）。乙醛的最高水平（9.17 μg/m3）出现在靠近医院和大学的交通负荷高的地方。对于苯系物，在公共汽车站附近的站点周围观察到最大的平均浓度（45.5微克/立方米）。在个人暴露浓度的CCs和苯系物，没有统计学上的显着差异，发现在所有采样地点的街头小贩和摩托车出租车司机。关于健康风险评估，在癌症风险的95%置信区间（CI），苯构成的风险最高，其次是甲醛，然后是乙醛（街头小贩5.36E-06-1.48E-05、5.58E-06-1.91E-05和1.03E-05-5.93E-05，摩托车出租车司机和保安人员），而95%CI非癌症风险值处于可接受的水平。然而，不同工人群体的总癌症风险没有显着差异。从健康风险评价结果来看，苯和甲醛是该地区可能影响人体健康的主要交通空气污染物。
The ambient and personal air concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) and carbonyl compounds (CCs) were investigated in Pathumwan district, Bangkok (Thailand), a congested area with a high level of traffic-related air pollution. The potential health risk of three representative groups of street workers (street vendors, motorcycle taxi driver and security guards) exposed to these substances was estimated. The personal air exposure and ambient air samples were collected in the rainy (September 2012) and summer (March 2013) seasons. The 8-h average formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exposure levels for both personal and ambient air concentrations were found to be the major CCs. The highest mean ambient air level of formaldehyde (20.1 μg/m3) was found at the roadside at a busy intersection next to department stores. The highest level of acetaldehyde (9.17 μg/m3) was found in a location with a high traffic load close to the hospital and university. For BTEX, the greatest average concentration was observed around the site located near a bus stop (45.5 μg/m3). In terms of the personal exposure concentrations of CCs and BTEX, no statistically significant differences were found among all sampled locations for street vendors and motorcycle taxi drivers. With respect to the health risk assessment, at a 95% confidence interval (CI) of cancer risk, benzene posed the highest risk followed by formaldehyde and then acetaldehyde (5.36E-06–1.48E-05, 5.58E-06–1.91E-05 and 1.03E-05–5.93E-05 for street vendors, motorcycle taxi driver and security guards) while the 95% CI non-cancer risk values were at an acceptable level. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in the total cancer risk among the different groups of workers. From the health risk assessment, benzene and formaldehyde were the major traffic related air pollutants that likely affected the human health in this area.