Global erosion of terrestrial environmental space by artificial light at night.
Global erosion of terrestrial environmental space by artificial light at night.
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夜间人造光对陆地环境空间的全球侵蚀。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166701
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cox DTC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cox DTC
夜间人造光(Alan)扰乱了自然光的循环，其生物学影响从单个生物体的行为到生态系统的功能，以及细菌、真菌、植物和动物。全球后果几乎总是从艾伦的地理分布中推断出来的。艾伦如何在环境空间中分布，以及环境条件与自然光周期的结合在多大程度上已经丧失，也是关键。在全球范围内(60°N到56°S之间)，我们以1.61*1.21公里的分辨率协调了四个生物气候变量，以绘制夜间环境空间中陆地像素的位置和密度。然后，我们使用黑色大理石夜间照明产品来确定2012年艾伦直接排放在环境空间的位置，以及到2022年这些排放如何在环境空间扩大。最后，我们使用人工天空亮度的世界地图集来确定不受艾伦影响的环境空间在其空间分布中的比例。我们发现，到2012年，艾伦的直接排放发生在可能的夜间陆地环境条件的71.9%，其中温带夜间环境和高度改变的栖息地受到的影响不成比例。从2012年到2022年，艾伦直接排放主要增长在已经存在的环境空间的34.4%以内，这种增长集中在热带环境中。此外，考虑到天空的辉光，只有13.2%的环境空间在整个分布过程中只经历了自然光循环。随着在这样的周期下维持大部分环境空间的机会迅速消失，艾伦从已经普遍存在的环境空间区域中移除、减少和改善是至关重要的。
Artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts natural light cycles, with biological impacts that span from behaviour of individual organisms to ecosystem functions, and across bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Global consequences have almost invariably been inferred from the geographic distribution of ALAN. How ALAN is distributed in environmental space, and the extent to which combinations of environmental conditions with natural light cycles have been lost, is also key. Globally (between 60°N and 56°S), we ordinated four bioclimatic variables at 1.61 * 1.21 km resolution to map the position and density of terrestrial pixels within nighttime environmental space. We then used the Black Marble Nighttime Lights product to determine where direct ALAN emissions were present in environmental space in 2012 and how these had expanded in environmental space by 2022. Finally, we used the World Atlas of Artificial Sky Brightness to determine the proportion of environmental space that is unaffected by ALAN across its spatial distribution. We found that by 2012 direct ALAN emissions occurred across 71.9 % of possible nighttime terrestrial environmental conditions, with temperate nighttime environments and highly modified habitats disproportionately impacted. From 2012 to 2022 direct ALAN emissions primarily grew within 34.4 % of environmental space where it was already present, with this growth concentrated in tropical environments. Additionally considering skyglow, just 13.2 % of environmental space now only experiences natural light cycles throughout its distribution. With opportunities to maintain much of environmental space under such cycles fast disappearing, the removal, reduction and amelioration of ALAN from areas of environmental space in which it is already widespread is critical.