Health effects of marine bathing in New Zealand
Health effects of marine bathing in New Zealand
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DOI：
10.1080/09603129873462
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发表时间：
1998-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Till, DG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McBride, GB;Salmond, CE;Till, DG
1995年夏季，在新西兰七个受欢迎的海水浴场进行了关于海水浴可能对健康产生的影响的前瞻性流行病学研究。研究了胃肠道/呼吸道症状或其他感染与海滩水的人类或动物粪便污染的关系。海滩使用者在海滩接受访问，然后在5天内进行跟进，以确定是否有任何疾病症状。在107天的采访中，每天都对海滩水的多个样本进行三种粪便指标（粪便大肠菌群、大肠杆菌）的检测。大肠杆菌、肠球菌）。在可用的回答中，2307名用户没有进入水; 1577人。对数线性模型表明，肠球菌与暴露组的疾病风险最强烈和一致相关，特别是对于划桨运动员和长时间游泳者的呼吸系统疾病。这两组的粗风险差异分别为每1000人7和33人，最高肠球菌四分位数分别为每1000人62和87人。在人类和动物废物影响的海滩之间没有发现疾病风险的实质性差异，尽管两者与对照海滩有显着差异。研究结果正被用于制定采样设计建议，并在新的洗澡水准则中使用单样本最大值。
Prospective epidemiological studies on the possible health effects from sea bathing were carried out at seven popular New Zealand bathing beaches over the 1995 summer. The association of gastrointestinal/respiratory symptoms or other infections with human or animal faecal contamination of the beach water was examined. Beach users were interviewed at the beach and then followed up within 5 days to ascertain any illness symptoms. On each of the 107 interview days multiple samples of the beach water were examined for three faecal indicators (faecal coliforms, E. coli, enterococci). Of the usable responses, 2307 users did not enter the water; 1577 did. Log-linear modelling showed that enterococci was most strongly and consistently associated with illness risk for the exposed groups, particularly for respiratory illness among paddlers and long-duration swimmers. Crude risk differences for these two groups were 7 and 33 per 1000 individuals, rising to 62 and 87 per 1000 individuals for the highest enterococci quartile. No substantial differences in illness risks were found between the human and animal waste impacted beaches, though both were markedly different from the control beaches. The results are being used to develop recommendations for sampling design and use of single-sample maxima in new bathing-water guidelines.