Morphological Variations of Starch Grains
Morphological Variations of Starch Grains
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-4-431-55495-0_13
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Matsushima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Matsushima
淀粉是在植物的贮藏器官中合成的，在细胞内形成透明的颗粒，称为淀粉颗粒或淀粉颗粒(SGS)。根据物种的不同，SGS表现出不同的形态和大小，并且在Poaceae胚乳中显着。综合观察表明，SG的形貌可分为四种类型：复合颗粒、双峰型单晶、均匀的单晶和同一晶胞中包含复合和单晶的混合构型。SG形态多样性的系统发育评价表明，复合粒型是禾本科的原始SG形态，而双峰型的单粒型仅在大麦和小麦等特定的系统发育群中观察到。淀粉的形态和大小是工业应用的重要特征。然而，决定SG形态和大小的分子机制还不完全清楚。本文综述了淀粉粒的形态特征和有关SG形态多样性的系统发育信息。它还讨论了SGS的细胞学观察方法和最近发现的控制SG大小的基因。
Starch is synthesized in plant storage organs and forms transparent grains inside cells, which are referred to as starch granules or starch grains (SGs). SGs exhibit different morphologies and sizes depending on the species and are prominent in Poaceae endosperm. Comprehensive observations indicate that SG morphologies can be classified into four types: compound grains, bimodal simple grains, uniform simple grains, and a mixed configuration containing compound and simple grains in the same cells. Phylogenetic evaluation of SG morphological diversity indicates that the compound grain type is the ancestral SG morphology in Poaceae, and the bimodal simple grain type is only observed in specific phylogenetic groups that include barley and wheat. Starch morphology and size are important characteristics for industrial applications. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine SG morphology and size are not completely understood. This review summarizes starch grain morphological characteristics and phylogenetic information about SG morphological diversity. It also discusses methods for cytological observation of SGs and recently identified genes that control SG size.