Levels of early-childhood behavioral inhibition predict distinct neurodevelopmental pathways to pediatric anxiety.
Levels of early-childhood behavioral inhibition predict distinct neurodevelopmental pathways to pediatric anxiety.
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早期培养行为抑制的水平预测了小儿焦虑的明显神经发育途径。
DOI：
10.1017/s0033291718003999
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发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Pine DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abend R;Swetlitz C;White LK;Shechner T;Bar-Haim Y;Filippi C;Kircanski K;Haller SP;Benson BE;Chen G;Leibenluft E;Fox NA;Pine DS
焦虑症状在儿童和青少年时期逐渐出现。行为抑制（BI）的个体差异，一种早期儿童气质，可能会塑造这些症状出现的发展路径。横断面研究表明，儿童早期的BI水平缓和了后来的焦虑症状和威胁相关的杏仁核-前额叶皮层（PFC）电路功能之间的关联。然而，没有研究表明这些协会纵向。在这里，我们测试了儿童早期BI水平是否预测了杏仁核-PFC功能和焦虑症状之间在整个发展过程中的不同演变关联。87名儿童先前在儿童早期进行BI水平评估，提供了10岁和/或13岁时的数据，包括焦虑评估和基于fMRI的点探测任务（包括威胁，快乐和中性刺激）。使用线性混合效应模型，我们调查了焦虑症状和威胁相关的杏仁核-PFC连接之间的关联的纵向变化，作为儿童早期BI的函数。在儿童早期高BI的历史，焦虑症状变得，随着年龄的增长，更多的负相关与右杏仁核左背外侧PFC连接时，要保持对威胁的注意。相反，随着年龄的增长，低BI儿童在相同的任务条件下表现出越来越积极的焦虑连接协会。在行为上，在10岁时，焦虑症状与两组的注意力偏差波动（注意力偏差变异性，ABV）无关;到13岁时，低BI儿童表现出负的焦虑-ABV关联，而高BI儿童表现出正的焦虑-ABV关联。儿童早期BI水平可预测儿童焦虑症状的不同神经发育途径。这些通路涉及大脑功能，行为和焦虑症状之间的不同关系，这可能会为诊断和治疗提供信息。
Anxiety symptoms gradually emerge during childhood and adolescence. Individual differences in behavioral inhibition (BI), an early-childhood temperament, may shape developmental paths through which these symptoms arise. Cross-sectional research suggests that level of early-childhood BI moderates associations between later anxiety symptoms and threat-related amygdala–prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuitry function. However, no study has characterized these associations longitudinally. Here, we tested whether level of early-childhood BI predicts distinct evolving associations between amygdala–PFC function and anxiety symptoms across development. Eighty-seven children previously assessed for BI level in early childhood provided data at ages 10 and/or 13 years, consisting of assessments of anxiety and an fMRI-based dot-probe task (including threat, happy, and neutral stimuli). Using linear-mixed-effects models, we investigated longitudinal changes in associations between anxiety symptoms and threat-related amygdala–PFC connectivity, as a function of early-childhood BI. In children with a history of high early-childhood BI, anxiety symptoms became, with age, more negatively associated with right amygdala–left dorsolateral-PFC connectivity when attention was to be maintained on threat. In contrast, with age, low-BI children showed an increasingly positive anxiety–connectivity association during the same task condition. Behaviorally, at age 10, anxiety symptoms did not relate to fluctuations in attention bias (attention bias variability, ABV) in either group; by age 13, low-BI children showed a negative anxiety–ABV association, whereas high-BI children showed a positive anxiety–ABV association. Early-childhood BI levels predict distinct neurodevelopmental pathways to pediatric anxiety symptoms. These pathways involve distinct relations among brain function, behavior, and anxiety symptoms, which may inform diagnosis and treatment.