Use of aquatic protected areas in the management of large lakes
Use of aquatic protected areas in the management of large lakes
复制标题
在大型湖泊管理中利用水生保护区
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
O. Johannsson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Hedges;M. Koops;N. Mandrak;O. Johannsson
用于管理大型湖泊的策略存在很大差异。国家和湖泊之间的管理目标和监测、评估、规划和执行资源（例如人员、设备、政策、立法）可能有很大差异。随着对海洋保护区的兴趣和研究日益增加，对类似淡水区的评估是及时的，特别是考虑到目前对全球生物多样性丧失的关切以及对基于生态系统的管理和预防原则的兴趣日益增加。本文探讨了在大型湖泊管理中使用各种类型的水生保护区（例如海洋保护区、鱼类保护区、公园）。潜在的和实际的好处和缺点，在目前的管理策略，不同类型的领域已经创建的目的，和相关的趋势进行了讨论。在淡水系统中，很少有真正相当于海洋保护区的地方，永久保护物种及其栖息地不受开发和开发。湖泊内的大多数保护区是鱼类保护区，限制或防止捕捞一种或多种物种，还有水生或陆地（海岸线）公园，通过防止开发或资源开采（如伐木或采矿）来保护水生和河岸生境。由于许多水生保护区是在立法中建立的，因此已建立地区的退役相对困难，水生保护区的数量正在增加。虽然水生保护区在改善大型湖泊管理方面具有相当大的潜力，但管理目标必须与水生保护区的功能相一致，而且必须确定影响其成功的因素，以促进有效利用资源和政治意愿。
There is considerable variation in the strategies used to manage large lakes. Management targets and resources for monitoring, assessment, planning and enforcement (e.g. personnel, equipment, policy, legislation) can differ considerably among countries and lakes. With a growing interest and body of research regarding Marine Protected Areas, assessments of similar freshwater areas are timely, especially considering current concerns over the global loss of biodiversity and increased interest in ecosystem-based management and the Precautionary Principle. This paper examines the use of various types of Aquatic Protected Areas in the management of large lakes (e.g. Marine Protected Area equivalents, fish sanctuaries, parks). Potential and actual benefits and drawbacks, relative uses in current management strategies, purposes for which different types of areas have been created, and related trends are discussed. Very few true equivalents of Marine Protected Areas, that permanently protect both species and their habitats from exploitation and development, have been created in freshwater systems. Most protected areas within lakes exist as fish sanctuaries, which limit or prevent harvest of one or more species, and aquatic or terrestrial (shoreline) parks, which protect aquatic and riparian habitats by preventing development or resource extraction (e.g. logging or mining). Because many Aquatic Protected Areas are established in legislation the retirement of established areas is relatively difficult and the number of Aquatic Protected Areas is increasing. Although Aquatic Protected Areas have considerable potential for improving large lake management, it is essential that management goals are compatible with the function of Aquatic Protected Areas and that factors affecting their success are determined to facilitate efficient use of resources and political will.