Toddlers' Fine Motor Milestone Achievement Is Associated with Early Touchscreen Scrolling.
Toddlers' Fine Motor Milestone Achievement Is Associated with Early Touchscreen Scrolling.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01108
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Smith TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bedford R;Saez de Urabain IR;Cheung CH;Karmiloff-Smith A;Smith TJ
触摸屏技术为幼儿提供了直观和有吸引力的感官/认知刺激来源。尽管担心使用可能会对幼儿的认知发展产生负面影响，但缺乏经验证据。目前的研究介绍了英国幼儿注意力行为和触摸屏学习（TABLET）项目的结果，研究了幼儿使用触摸屏与实现发展里程碑之间的关联。数据收集在一项针对715名6至36个月大婴儿的父母的在线调查中，以解决两个研究问题：（1）触摸屏的使用从6个月到36个月如何变化？(2)在幼儿（19-36个月，即，高于中位年龄，n = 366），回顾性报告的第一次使用触摸屏的年龄与粗大运动（即，行走），精细运动（即，堆叠块），和语言（即，产生两个字的话语）里程碑？在我们的样本中，使用触摸屏的儿童比例以及平均每日使用时间随年龄增长而增加（最小的四分位数，6-11个月：51.22%用户，每天8.53分钟;最大的四分位数，26-36个月：92.05%用户，平均每天43.95分钟）。在年龄为19-36个月的幼儿中，在控制协变量年龄、性别、母亲的教育程度（社会经济地位的代表）以及早期精细运动里程碑成就的年龄（钳子式抓握）后，首次使用触摸屏的年龄与精细运动（堆叠块）显著相关，p = 0.03。这种效应仅存在于触摸屏的主动滚动中，p = 0.04，而不存在于视频观看中。在触摸屏的使用和粗大运动或语言里程碑之间没有发现显著的关系。触摸屏的使用在生命的前3年迅速增加。在目前的研究中，我们没有发现任何证据支持第一次使用触摸屏的年龄与发育里程碑之间存在负相关。事实上，早期使用触摸屏，特别是滚动屏幕，与早期精细运动成绩有关。未来的纵向研究需要阐明这种关联的时间顺序和机制，并研究触摸屏使用对其他更细粒度的行为，认知和神经发育指标的影响。
Touchscreen technologies provide an intuitive and attractive source of sensory/cognitive stimulation for young children. Despite fears that usage may have a negative impact on toddlers’ cognitive development, empirical evidence is lacking. The current study presents results from the UK Toddler Attentional Behaviours and LEarning with Touchscreens (TABLET) project, examining the association between toddlers’ touchscreen use and the attainment of developmental milestones. Data were gathered in an online survey of 715 parents of 6- to 36-month-olds to address two research questions: (1) How does touchscreen use change from 6 to 36 months? (2) In toddlers (19–36 months, i.e., above the median age, n = 366), how does retrospectively reported age of first touchscreen usage relate to gross motor (i.e., walking), fine motor (i.e., stacking blocks), and language (i.e., producing two-word utterances) milestones? In our sample, the proportion of children using touchscreens, as well as the average daily usage time, increased with age (youngest quartile, 6–11 months: 51.22% users, 8.53 min per day; oldest quartile, 26–36 months: 92.05% users, average use of 43.95 min per day). In toddlers, aged 19–36 months, age of first touchscreen use was significantly associated with fine motor (stacking blocks), p = 0.03, after controlling for covariates age, sex, mother’s education (a proxy for socioeconomic status) as well as age of early fine motor milestone achievement (pincer grip). This effect was only present for active scrolling of the touchscreen p = 0.04, not for video watching. No significant relationships were found between touchscreen use and either gross motor or language milestones. Touchscreen use increases rapidly over the first 3 years of life. In the current study, we find no evidence to support a negative association between the age of first touchscreen usage and developmental milestones. Indeed, earlier touchscreen use, specifically scrolling of the screen, was associated with earlier fine motor achievement. Future longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the temporal order and mechanisms of this association, and to examine the impact of touchscreen use on other, more fine-grained, measures of behavioral, cognitive, and neural development.