Positive and negative effects of leaf shelters on herbivorous insects: linking multiple herbivore species on a willow
Positive and negative effects of leaf shelters on herbivorous insects: linking multiple herbivore species on a willow
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-003-1285-5
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发表时间：
2003-05
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Masahiro Nakamura;T. Ohgushi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Masahiro Nakamura;T. Ohgushi
实验研究了鳞翅目幼虫在杨柳上构筑叶棚对其他食草昆虫的影响。几种昆虫占据了空的叶掩体。利用人工叶棚进行的实验表明，蚜虫数量随人工叶棚数量的增加而增加，进入叶棚采集蚜虫蜜露的三种蚂蚁（Camponotus japonicus、Lasius hayashi和myrmica jessensis）数量也增加。为了确定叶棚对不使用叶棚的草食性昆虫的抗调节作用，我们将一种普通叶甲虫（Plagiodera versicolora）新孵化的幼虫转移到有和没有人工叶棚的嫩枝上。移栽1 d后，有遮蔽的幼苗的幼虫存活率显著低于无遮蔽的幼苗，有遮蔽的幼苗的蚂蚁数量显著高于无遮蔽的幼苗。我们的野外实验清楚地表明，鳞翅目幼虫筑巢增加了蚜虫和蚂蚁的丰度，降低了叶甲虫幼虫的存活率，这可能是因为蚂蚁被蚜虫群体吸引到叶庇护所中，从而将幼虫清除。
We experimentally examined the effects on other herbivorous insects of leaf shelters constructed by lepidopteran larvae on a willow,Salix miyabeana. Several insect species occupied the vacant leaf shelters. Our experiment using artificial leaf shelters showed that the number of aphids increased with the number of artificial leaf shelters on a shoot, as did the numbers of three ant species (Camponotus japonicus,Lasius hayashi, andMyrmica jessensis) that entered leaf shelters to collect aphid honeydew. To determine the ant-mediated effect of leaf shelters on herbivorous insects that do not use leaf shelters, we transferred newly hatched larvae of a common leaf beetle,Plagiodera versicolora, to the leaves of shoots with and without artificial leaf shelters. One day after the transfer, larval survival rate was significantly lower on shoots with shelters than on those without shelters, and shoots with shelters had significantly more ants than did shoots without shelters. Our field experiments demonstrated clearly that shelter-making lepidopteran larvae increased the abundance of both aphids and ants and decreased the survival rate of leaf beetle larvae, probably because the larvae were removed by ants that were attracted to the leaf shelters by the aphid colonies.