IMPACT OF A COSMIC BODY INTO EARTH'S OCEAN AND THE GENERATION OF LARGE TSUNAMI WAVES: INSIGHT FROM NUMERICAL MODELING
IMPACT OF A COSMIC BODY INTO EARTH'S OCEAN AND THE GENERATION OF LARGE TSUNAMI WAVES: INSIGHT FROM NUMERICAL MODELING
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宇宙天体对地球海洋的影响以及大型海啸波的产生：来自数值模型的见解
DOI：
10.1029/2009rg000308
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
25.2
通讯作者：
Weiss R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wünnemann K;Collins G.S;Weiss R.
宇宙天体撞击海洋环境与撞击陆地在几个方面有所不同。海洋覆盖了大约70%的地球表面，这不仅意味着未来很可能发生海洋撞击，而且地球历史上的大多数撞击肯定发生在海洋环境中。因此，对海洋撞击的研究在两个方面势在必行：(1)量化未来海洋撞击造成的危险，包括由撞击产生的大海啸波的潜在威胁；(2)通过考虑洋壳中大量可能未被发现的陨石坑结构，重建地球的撞击记录。重建碰撞记录对于评估过去碰撞事件的频率和更好地预测未来碰撞的可能性都至关重要。我们总结了过去几十年来在海洋影响研究方面的进展，特别是数值模式如何提高了我们对海洋环境中的陨石坑和撞击产生的波浪的理解。我们的重点是从数值模拟研究中获得的洞察力，这些研究包括水中抛射体的减速、海底的陨石坑、重力坍塌造成的陨石坑的后期修改以及水的复活。此外，我们还讨论了海洋环境中宇宙体撞击导致的类似海啸的巨浪的产生和传播。
The strike of a cosmic body into a marine environment differs in several respects from impact on land. Oceans cover approximately 70% of the Earth's surface, implying not only that oceanic impact is a very likely scenario for future impacts but also that most impacts in Earth's history must have happened in marine environments. Therefore, the study of oceanic impact is imperative in two respects: (1) to quantify the hazard posed by future oceanic impacts, including the potential threat of large impact‐generated tsunami‐like waves, and (2) to reconstruct Earth's impact record by accounting for the large number of potentially undiscovered crater structures in the ocean crust. Reconstruction of the impact record is of crucial importance both for assessing the frequency of collision events in the past and for better predicting the probability of future impact. We summarize the advances in the study of oceanic impact over the last decades and focus in particular on how numerical models have improved our understanding of cratering in the oceanic environment and the generation of waves by impact. We focus on insight gleaned from numerical modeling studies into the deceleration of the projectile by the water, cratering of the ocean floor, the late stage modification of the crater due to gravitational collapse, and water resurge. Furthermore, we discuss the generation and propagation of large tsunami‐like waves as a result of a strike of a cosmic body in marine environments.
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