Combined effect of shading time and nitrogen level on grain filling and grain quality in japonica super rice
Combined effect of shading time and nitrogen level on grain filling and grain quality in japonica super rice
复制标题
遮荫时间与施氮量联合对超级粳稻籽粒灌浆及品质的影响
DOI：
10.1016/s2095-3119(18)62025-8
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Zhang Hong-cheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wei Hai-yan;Zhu Ying;Zhang Hong-cheng
遮光时间和氮素对水稻灌浆和品质的综合影响研究较少。为此，以超级粳稻品种南粳44和宁粳3号为材料，研究了遮光时间和氮素水平对水稻穗部性状和籽粒灌浆特性及其产量和品质的影响。在低氮水平下（150 kg Nha ~（-1），150 N），抽穗前遮光20 d（BH）处理比不遮光（NS）处理减产21.07-26.07%。这些下降是由于穗长缩短，一次枝梗数和二次枝梗数减少，以及每穗粒数和粒重减少。在150 N条件下，抽穗后遮光20 d，由于穗粒重降低，产量也下降9.46-10.60%。遮荫与氮素水平的互作对一、二次分枝数有显著影响。高氮处理（300 kg N ha（-1），300 N）可以抵消遮光对二次枝梗数和穗粒重的负面影响，从而提高两种遮光处理的产量。上级粒重达99%的时间（T-99）比150 N NS缩短1.6 ~ 1.7天，粒重比150 N BH降低4.18-5.91%。在150 NAH条件下，由于平均灌浆速率（GR（mean）和GR（max））较低，粒重比150 NNS条件下低13.39-13.92%。弱势粒的粒重和GR（平均值）表现为150 N NS> 150 N BH> 150 N AH。在遮荫条件下，300 N降低了上级和弱势粒的平均粒重。与150 N NS相比，150 N BH和150 N AH处理的碾磨品质、外观品质、食味品质和蒸煮品质均有所下降。300 N高水平遮光处理改善了稻米的碾磨品质，降低了垩白粒数，但降低了稻米的食味和蒸煮品质，增加了垩白面积和总垩白度。因此，在短期遮荫条件下，适量施氮可提高水稻产量和碾米品质，但要获得良好的食味和蒸煮品质，建议适量施氮。
There is limited information about the combined effect of shading time and nitrogen (N) on grain filling and quality of rice. Therefore, two japonica super rice cultivars, Nanjing 44 and Ningjing 3, were used to study the effect of shading time and N level on the characteristics of rice panicle and grain filling as well as the corresponding yield and quality. At a low N level (150 kg N ha(-1), 150N), grain yield decreased (by 21.07-26.07%) under the treatment of 20 days of shading before heading (BH) compared with the no shading (NS) treatment. These decreases occurred because of shortened panicle length, decreased number of primary and secondary branches, as well as the grain number and weight per panicle. At 150N, in the treatment of 20 days of shading after heading (AH), grain yield also decreased (by 9.46-10.60%) due to the lower grain weight per panicle. The interaction of shading and N level had a significant effect on the number of primary and secondary branches. A high level of N (300 kg N ha(-1), 300N) could offset the negative effect of shading on the number of secondary branches and grain weight per panicle, and consequently increased the grain yield in both shading treatments. In superior grains, compared with 150N NS, the time to reach 99% of the grain weight (T-99) was shortened by 1.6 to 1.7 days, and the grain weight was decreased by 4.18-5.91% in 150N BH. In 150N AH, the grain weight was 13.39-13.92% lower than that in 150N NS due to the slow mean and the maximum grain-filling rate (GR(mean) and GR(max)). In inferior grains, grain weight and GR(mean) had a tendency of 150N NS>150N BH>150N AH. Under shaded conditions, 300N decreased the grain weight due to lower GR(mean) both in superior and inferior grains. Compared with 150N NS, the milling and appearance qualities as well as eating and cooking quality were all decreased in 150N BH and 150N AH. Shading with the high level of 300N improved the milling quality and decreased the number of chalky rice kernels, but the eating and cooking quality was reduced with increased chalky area and overall chalkiness. Therefore, in the case of short term shading, appropriate N fertilizer could be used to improve the yield and milling quality of rice, but limited application of N fertilizer is recommended to achieve good eating and cooking quality of rice.