Porous and Lattice Structures for Biodevices with Advanced Properties
Porous and Lattice Structures for Biodevices with Advanced Properties
复制标题
具有先进性能的生物器件的多孔和晶格结构
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-6789-2_7
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Juan Carlos Álvarez Elipe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Lantada;Juan Carlos Álvarez Elipe
生物系统在其发育过程中，必须以有限的能量持续工作，因此，它们自身的材料和结构都是以最大化阻力-重量关系为目标构建的，最终得到多孔或中空的材料和结构。利用传统或新型的计算机辅助设计软件，可以促进医疗器械和生物器件的仿生设计，从实体模型开始，系统地从这些实体部分中消除材料，例如，使用3D球体矩阵或立方体的布尔减法运算。中空仿生结构也可以以添加剂的方式设计，首先通过获得晶格单元，重复这种单元以填充空间，并使用具有所需最终部件外部几何形状的固体使用布尔交叉。使用所述方法，材料和结构甚至可以针对最终应用进行定制，包括精确控制密度，杨氏模量，泊松比（甚至通过使用拉胀结构具有负值）和其他方法，其结果非常适合于设计具有适应人体的机械特征的假体，以限制应力遮挡和骨吸收等负面现象。本章提供了与假体设计和组织工程相关的两种方法的示例，比较了多孔结构、晶格结构和拉胀结构的优缺点，并讨论了简化整个过程的主要附加资源。这些复杂的多孔，中空和晶格结构的生产也进行了讨论，因为它会被认为是不可能的只是几十年前。“逐层”或“增材制造技术”的新进展可用于其自动化生产，如在即将到来的章节中另外解释的那样。
During their development, biological systems have to continuously work with a limited amount of energy, and, therefore, their own materials and structures are built trying to maximise the resistance-weight relationship, which leads to finally obtaining porous or hollow materials and structures.Biomimetic design of medical appliances and biodevices can be promoted by using conventional or novel computer-aided design software, staring from solid models and systematically eliminating material from such solid parts, for instance, using Boolean subtractive operations with 3D sphere matrixes or cubes. Hollow biomimetic structures can be also designed in an additive way, firstly by obtaining a lattice cell unit, repeating such cell unit for filling the space and using Boolean intersections using solids with the desired final part external geometry.Using the mentioned approach, materials and structures can even be tailored ad hoc for final application, including precise control of density, Young modulus, Poisson ratio (even with negative values by using auxetic structures) and others, with results very adequate for designing prostheses with mechanical features adapted to those of human body, in order to limit negative phenomena like stress shielding and bone resorption.This chapter provides examples of both approaches, linked to prostheses design and tissue engineering, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of porous, lattice and auxetic structures and discussing main additional resources for simplifying the whole process. Production of these complex porous, hollow and lattice structures is also discussed, as it would have been thought impossible just a couple of decades ago. Novel advances on “layer by layer” or “additive manufacturing technologies” can be used for its automated production, as additionally explained in forthcoming chapters.