Do Intergovernmental Organizations Promote Peace?
Do Intergovernmental Organizations Promote Peace?
复制标题
政府间组织促进和平吗？
DOI：
10.1353/wp.2005.0008
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Timothy Nordstrom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Boehmer;E. Gartzke;Timothy Nordstrom
世界政治中的一场基本辩论涉及政府间组织(IGO)对国际冲突的影响。自由主义者、功能主义者和其他人认为政府间组织有能力改变全球无政府状态，而现实主义者则强调政府间组织在管理战争与和平等基本进程方面根本无关紧要。最近的定量研究也得出了不同的结论，这取决于特定的计量经济学假设，这意味着政府间组织促进了国家之间的太平洋关系，对争端行为没有影响，甚至增加了争端倾向。至少部分问题在于缺乏理论和经验上的特殊性。作者运用讨价还价理论，在现实主义和自由主义观点之间开辟了一条“中间道路”。只有一些政府间组织，即那些拥有安全授权和最复杂的制度结构的政府间组织，可能会影响争端行为。作者将这一理论与研究设计中的两项改进相结合。首先，政府间组织的能力、任务和凝聚力各不相同。作者构建了政府间组织机构异质性和成员凝聚力的数据集。其次，各州加入政府间组织的原因与各州打架的原因并非无关。作者控制了各国之间的国际参与程度，并在初步测试中为他们的论点找到了支持。
A basic debate in world politics involves the impact of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) on international conflict. Liberals, functionalists, and others see IGOs as capable of transforming global anarchy, while realists emphasize the essential irrelevance of IGOs in managing such fundamental processes as war and peace. Recent quantitative studies also yield disparate conclusions depending on particular econometric assumptions, implying variously that IGOs foster pacific relations among states, have no impact on dispute behavior, or even increase dispute propensity. At least part of the problem is a lack of theoretical and empirical specificity. The authors apply bargaining theory to develop a "middle path" between the realist and liberal perspectives. Only some IGOs, those with security mandates and the most sophisticated institutional structures, are likely to influence dispute behavior. The authors combine the theory with two improvements in research design. First, IGOs vary in capability, mandate, and cohesion. The authors construct a dataset of IGO institutional heterogeneity and member cohesiveness. Second, states join IGOs for reasons that are not unrelated to why states fight. The authors control for the level of international involvement among countries and find support for their arguments in initial tests.