Changes in Forest Structure After a Large, Mixed-Severity Wildfire in Ponderosa Pine Forests of the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA
Changes in Forest Structure After a Large, Mixed-Severity Wildfire in Ponderosa Pine Forests of the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA
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美国南达科他州布莱克山黄松林发生大规模混合严重野火后森林结构的变化
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发表时间：
2008
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Shepperd
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作者：
T. Keyser;L. Lentile;F. Smith;W. Shepperd
我们评估了森林结构的变化与火灾的严重程度后，在黑岗，南达科他州，其中25%的美国黄松森林在低，48%的中度和27%的严重程度在高的野火。我们比较了树木死亡率，罚款（FWD）和粗木质残体（CWD）和树木再生在不同严重程度下烧毁的地区。严重程度较低，死亡率仅限于小树（<15厘米胸径），与未烧毁的地区相比，断面积（BA）没有减少。FWD和CWD比未火烧林减少60%。在中度严重程度下，100%的小树死亡率和显着的大树死亡率导致BA减少1050%，并形成由少数大树主导的开放式林分结构。5年后，FWD和CWD恢复到未燃烧水平。严重性高，缺乏种子来源使再生不太可能。5年后，FWD等于水平未燃烧的立场和CWD负荷超过未燃烧的森林74%。未来的景观将是一个镶嵌的补丁与森林结构确定的发展轨迹设置在运动中不同的火灾严重程度。将有充分储备的补丁，单冠林，多层森林，和持久的草和灌木为主的社区。在中度和高度严重性地区的高燃料负荷仍然是管理层关注的问题，在高度严重性地区缺乏再生也是如此。
We evaluated changes in forest structure related to fire severity after a wildfire in ponderosa pine forests of the Black Hills, South Dakota, where 25% burned at low, 48% at moderate, and 27% at high severity. We compared tree mortality, fine (FWD) and coarse woody debris (CWD) and tree regeneration in areas burned under different severity. With low severity, mortality was limited to small trees (<15 cm dbh) with no reduction in basal area (BA) compared with unburned areas. FWD and CWD were 60% less than the unburned forest. With moderate severity, 100% mortality of small trees and significant large tree mortality resulted in an 50% reduction in BA and an open stand structure dominated by a few large trees. After 5 years, FWD and CWD recovered to unburned levels. With high severity, a lack of seed source makes regeneration unlikely. After 5 years, FWD equaled levels in unburned stands and CWD loads exceeded the unburned forest by 74%. The future landscape will be a mosaic of patches with forest structures determined by developmental trajectories set in motion by different fire severities. There will be patches of fully stocked, single canopy forest, multistory forest, and persistent grass- and shrub-dominated communities. High fuel loads in moderate and high severity areas remain a concern for management as does the lack of regeneration in high severity areas.