What is implicit causality?
What is implicit causality?
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DOI：
10.1080/01690965.2013.796396
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Hartshorne, Joshua K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hartshorne, Joshua K.
在因果从属子句中，代词的首选指称随着主句中的动词而系统地变化（对比莎莉害怕玛丽因为她......与莎莉爱玛丽因为她......）。这种“隐性因果关系”现象被理解为反映了有关谁造成事件的直觉。研究人员一直在争论这些直觉是基于语言结构还是高级非语言认知的功能。有两条证据支持后一个结论：隐性因果关系与广泛的社会判断任务有关，并且受到有关事件参与者的一般知识的影响。经过仔细检查，这些说法都没有成立。八个新实验发现（a）隐性因果关系和社会判断任务之间的关系是脆弱的，并且（b）先前采用的事件参与者操纵对隐性因果关系影响很小甚至没有影响。这些发现支持了这样一种解释，即隐性因果关系主要由语言结构驱动，并且仅很少由一般知识和非语言认知驱动。
In causal dependent clauses, the preferred referent of a pronoun varies systematically with the verb in the main clause (contrast Sally frightens Mary because she ... with Sally loves Mary because she ...). This "implicit causality'' phenomenon is understood to reflect intuitions about who caused the event. Researchers have debated whether these intuitions are based on linguistic structure or instead a function of high-level, non-linguistic cognition. Two lines of evidence support the latter conclusion: implicit causality is related to a broad social judgement task, and it is affected by general knowledge about the participants in the event. On closer inspection, neither of these claims have been established. Eight new experiments find that (a) the relationship between implicit causality and the social judgement task is tenuous, and (b) previously employed event-participant manipulations have minimal to no effect on implicit causality. These findings support an account on which implicit causality is driven primarily by linguistic structure and only minimally by general knowledge and non-linguistic cognition.