The importance of arable habitat for farmland birds in grassland landscapes
The importance of arable habitat for farmland birds in grassland landscapes
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00654.x
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Crick, HQP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robinson, RA;Wilson, JD;Crick, HQP
1.在过去的25年里，西欧大部分地区以种子为食的鸟类数量急剧下降。在英国西部以草原为主的地区发生了局部灭绝，这可能受到栖息地多样性丧失和可耕种数量减少的影响。我们利用1998年英国大规模繁殖鸟类调查，对11种常见的食籽鸟类和4种类似大小的食虫动物在草原景观中可耕种的栖息地的重要性进行了调查。使用广义线性模型对调查区域内农业生境中记录的鸟类数量作为现有可耕种生境数量的函数进行建模。调查广场内灰雀、云雀、麻雀、玉米象和芦苇的数量随着调查地耕地生境面积的增加而增加，家雀、4种雀类、杜氏麻雀、小斑雀、黑头麻雀的数量没有增加。在周边地区很少有耕地生境时，1公里范围内某些物种的数量与耕地生境之间的正相关性最强，当耕地生境普遍存在时，这种正相关性最弱，甚至相反。这些结果证明了农业景观中鸟类栖息地协会的规模依赖关系，只有在大片地理区域的细粒数据可用时才能证明这一点。这些结果支持了这样的假设，即由于耕地的收缩，一些食米物种发生了范围收缩(即局部灭绝)。尽管耕地管理的加强被认为是其他地区下降的主要原因，但稀缺的耕地栖息地的丧失可能正在导致一些地区的下降。农业环境计划可能需要在不同地区有所不同，例如鼓励牧区可耕种。
1. Over the last 25 years, populations of seed-eating birds have declined severely over most of western Europe. Local extinctions have occurred in grassland-dominated areas in western Britain, which may be influenced by loss in habitat diversity and a decline in the amount of arable cultivation.2. We used the large-scale British Breeding Bird Survey of 1998 to investigate the importance of arable habitat within grassland landscapes for 11 common seed-eating birds and four similar sized insectivores. Generalized linear models were used to model the number of birds recorded in agricultural habitat within survey squares as a function of the amount of arable habitat present.3. Numbers of grey partridge Perdix perdix, skylark Alauda arvensis, tree sparrow Passer montanus', corn Miliaria calandra and reed buntings Emberiza schoeniclus, yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella and whitethroat Sylvia communis increased with the amount of arable habitat present in a survey square; the numbers of house sparrow Passer domesticus, four finch species., dunnock Prunella modularis, robin Erithacus rubecula and blackcap Sylvia atricapilla did not.4. The positive association between numbers of some species and arable habitat within 1-km squares was strongest where arable habitat was rare in the surrounding area, and weakest or even reversed when arable habitat was common. These results demonstrate the scale-dependence of bird-habitat associations in agricultural landscapes, only demonstrable where data are available at fine grain over large geographical areas.5. These results support the hypothesis that range contractions (i.e. local extinctions) of some granivorous species have occurred because of contraction in arable cultivation. The loss of arable habitat where it is scarce may be causing declines in some areas, even though intensification of arable management is thought to be the main cause of declines elsewhere. Agri-environment schemes may need to vary between regions, for example to encourage arable cultivation in pastoral areas.