The effects of cueing episodic future thinking on delay discounting in children, adolescents, and adults.
The effects of cueing episodic future thinking on delay discounting in children, adolescents, and adults.
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提示情景未来思维对儿童、青少年和成人延迟贴现的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104934
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Burns P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burns P
折扣延迟奖励的价值，即使是相对较小的、立即可用的奖励也比较大的延迟奖励更受欢迎，这是一种常见的人类特征。延迟满足研究证明，儿童对延迟奖励的偏好尤其严重。然而，近年来，越来越多的文献表明，提示个人想象个人未来事件会削弱他们对延迟奖励的折扣。目前的研究通过检验提示未来思维是否会促进儿童和青少年患者的选择来扩展这一文献。在实验 1 中，我们发现提示未来思维对 8-11 岁儿童 (n=177) 对真实或假设奖励的延迟贴现没有影响。在实验 2 中，我们发现，与其他三种条件相比，提示青少年（12-14 岁，n=126）和成年人（n=122）思考个人未来事件会减少他们对延迟奖励的折扣：无提示控制、情景记忆条件和新颖的“未来其他”条件，在这种条件下，个体想象可能发生在他们生活中重要的其他人身上的未来事件。然而，提示成年人和青少年思考个人未来事件并不会影响他们与未来的自己的联系程度，也不会影响他们对未来时间点与他们的接近程度的主观感觉——这两种结构之前已被证明与延迟贴现有关。
Discounting the value of delayed rewards such that even a relatively small, immediately available reward is preferred to a larger delayed reward is a commonly observed human trait. Children are particularly steep discounters of delayed rewards as evidenced by delay of gratification studies. In recent years, however, a growing literature indicates that cueing individuals to imagine personal future events attenuates their discounting of delayed rewards. The present studies extend this literature by examining whether cueing future thinking promotes patient choices in children and adolescents. In Experiment 1 we found that cueing future thinking had no effect on 8–11-year-olds' (n= 177) delay discounting of either real or hypothetical rewards. In Experiment 2 we found that cueing adolescents (12–14-year-olds,n= 126) and adults (n= 122) to think about personal future events decreased their discounting of delayed rewards relative to three other conditions: a no cue control, an episodic memory condition and a novel ‘future other’ condition in which individuals imagine future events that might happen to a significant other person in their life. Cueing adults and adolescents to think about personal future events did not however affect how connected they felt to their future selves or their subjective sense of how close future time points felt to them – two constructs that have previously been shown to be related to delay discounting.