Transnational Transitions: The Diffusion and Integration of Mechanical Cooling
Transnational Transitions: The Diffusion and Integration of Mechanical Cooling
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DOI：
10.1177/0042098013500084
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发表时间：
2014-05
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
E. Shove;G. Walker;Sam Brown
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Shove;G. Walker;Sam Brown
在不到一代人的时间里，空调已经普及到世界各地，增加了能源消耗并产生了前所未有的需求。这是怎么发生的？本文询问转型理论（以及作为范例的多层次视角）对于解决这个问题是否有价值以及可以开发哪些其他方法。结论是，机械冷却的跨国传播最好被理解为多地点过程的结果，在这些过程中，空调被整合到办公室工作、护理、豪华休息或简单的家庭生活等实践中。这种观点主张对机械冷却如何重塑实践及其复制地点进行更复杂的解释，而不是绘制稳定地形上的扩散图。这一结论对于遏制空调及其相关能源需求的努力具有重要意义。
In less than a generation, air conditioning has spread around the world, increasing energy consumption and producing demand where none existed before. How has this come about? This article asks whether transition theories (and the multilevel perspective as an exemplar) are of value in addressing this question and what other approaches might be developed. It is concluded that what seems to be the transnational diffusion of mechanical cooling is best understood as an outcome of multisited processes in which air conditioning is integrated into practices like those of office work, nursing, taking a luxury break or simply living at home. Rather than mapping diffusion across a stable terrain, this perspective argues for a more sophisticated interpretation of how mechanical cooling remakes practices and the places in which they are reproduced. This conclusion has implications for efforts to stem air conditioning and the energy demand associated with it.