Regulation of Exercise-Induced Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle.
Regulation of Exercise-Induced Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40139-017-0135-9
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
He C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rocchi A;He C
体育锻炼是预防肥胖、2型糖尿病和心血管疾病等几种致病性疾病的高效方法，这主要是由于运动引起的骨骼肌代谢适应。然而，运动如何诱导肌肉的有益效果仍有待充分阐明。自噬是一种溶酶体降解途径，调节营养循环，能量产生和细胞器质量控制。自噬通路在运动和肌肉收缩期间响应于应激而上调，并且可能是介导运动诱导的健康益处的重要机制。许多研究表明，体育锻炼诱导动物模型和人类骨骼肌的非选择性自噬和选择性线粒体自噬。AMPK-ULK 1和FoxO 3信号通路在运动期间骨骼肌上游自噬机制的激活中起重要作用。运动的健康益处需要自噬活性，因为在不同的自噬缺陷小鼠系中，运动诱导的效应被消除。本文综述了自噬在肌肉维持中的作用、运动过程中上调自噬的分子途径以及运动诱导的自噬和线粒体自噬在骨骼肌中的潜在功能。
Physical exercise is a highly effective method to prevent several pathogenic conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, largely due to metabolic adaptations induced by exercise in skeletal muscle. Yet how exercise induces the beneficial effects in muscle remains to be fully elucidated. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that regulates nutrient recycling, energy production and organelle quality control. The autophagy pathway is upregulated in response to stress during exercise and muscle contraction, and may be an important mechanism mediating exercise-induced health benefits. A number of studies have indicated that physical exercise induces non-selective autophagy and selective mitophagy in skeletal muscle in animal models and humans. The AMPK-ULK1 and the FoxO3 signaling pathways play an essential role in the activation of the upstream autophagy machinery in skeletal muscle during exercise. The autophagy activity is required for health benefits of exercise, as in different autophagy-deficient mouse lines exercise-induced effects are abolished. This review aims to summarize and highlight the most recent findings on the role of autophagy in muscle maintenance, the molecular pathways that upregulate autophagy during exercise, and the potential functions of exercise-induced autophagy and mitophagy in skeletal muscle.
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21.3
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