Policy-Windows for the Declaration of Protected Areas — A Comparative Case Study of East Germany and Guatemala
Policy-Windows for the Declaration of Protected Areas — A Comparative Case Study of East Germany and Guatemala
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宣布保护区的政策窗口——东德和危地马拉的比较案例研究
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Wittmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Garrelts;R. Birner;H. Wittmer
宣布保护区是世界范围内自然保护最重要的政策工具。使用John Kingdon(cp.(Kingdon 1984)，这一贡献涉及到将相对较大面积的土地置于保护之下在政治上是可行的条件。我们将东德作为工业化国家的例子，与危地马拉作为发展中国家的例子进行比较。政策窗口方法规定了一种分析，区分问题流、政策流和政治流，并关注政治企业家对这些流的耦合及其利用机会窗口的能力。我们对东德和危地马拉的比较研究表明，尽管各国有不同之处，但政治制度的根本改变、保护运动的形成和旧制度下政策选择的发展，使得在这两种情况下都有可能在短时间内将该国较大比例的土地置于保护之下。进一步的条件是保护运动领导人的政治企业家精神以及国际支持。我们的研究表明，这种分析方法为分析保护政策中的重要事件提供了宝贵的见解，因为越来越需要更好地了解实施保护区的政治条件。
The declaration of protected areas is the most important policy instrument in nature conservation worldwide. Using the policy window approach developed by John Kingdon (cp. Kingdon 1984), this contribution deals with the conditions under which it is politically feasible to place comparatively large areas of land under protection. We compare the case of East Germany, as example of an industrialized country, and Guatemala, as an example of a developing country. The policy window approach stipulates an analysis that distinguishes between problem stream, policy steam and politics stream, and places attention on the coupling of these streams by political entrepreneurs and their ability to make use of windows of opportunity. Our comparative study of East Germany and Guatemala shows that in spite of country-specific differences a fundamental change of the political regime, the formation of a conservation movement and the development of policy options under the prior regime made it possible in both cases to place a comparatively large proportion of the country under protection in a short period of time. Further conditions were political entrepreneurship of leaders in the conservation movement as well as international support. Our study shows that this analytical approach provides valuable insights for the analysis of important events in conservation policy as there is a growing need to better understand the political conditions under which protected areas are being implemented.