Temporal changes in the population density and diet of brown bears in eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Temporal changes in the population density and diet of brown bears in eastern Hokkaido, Japan
复制标题
日本北海道东部棕熊种群密度和饮食的时间变化
DOI：
10.3106/mammalstudy.29.47
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
S. Takatsuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yoshikazu Sato;T. Aoi;K. Kaji;S. Takatsuki
在日本北海道东部，人与棕熊（Ursus arctos yesoensis）的冲突在过去十年中有所增加。当地人推测这些冲突是由熊数量的增加和/或熊生态的变化引起的，尽管没有证据支持这两种假设。我们比较了 1978 年和 1998-2000 年北海道东部浦幌市的熊粪便密度和饮食。 2000 年的粪便密度往往低于 1978 年，这表明过去二十年熊的密度并未增加。 1978年，草本植物是熊初夏和夏末的主要食物。浆果，包括悬钩子属。和猕猴桃，是夏末的主要食物。相比之下，梅花鹿（Cervus nippon yesoensis）肉在1998-2000年的各个季节都频繁出现在熊的粪便中，比例比1978年高得多。包括甜菜和玉米在内的农作物在夏初和夏末也有所增加。这些结果表明，过去二十年来，熊的饮食发生了变化，熊变得更加依赖鹿和农作物。我们的结论是，人熊冲突的增加并不是因为熊数量的增加，而是因为熊对鹿和农作物作为食物来源的依赖增加。
In eastern Hokkaido, Japan, occurrences of human-brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis) conflict have increased during the last decade. Locals speculate that these conflicts have been caused by an increase in the bear population and/or changes in bear ecology, although no evidence is available to support either hypothesis. We compared scat densities and the diets of bears for the years 1978 and 1998-2000 in Urahoro, eastern Hokkaido. The scat density in 2000 tended to be lower than in 1978, suggesting that bear density has not increased over the last two decades. In 1978, herbaceous plants were the dominant early and late summer foods of bears. Berries, including Rubus spp. and Actinidia kolomicta, were dominant late summer foods. In contrast, sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) meat appeared frequently in bear scats in all seasons in 1998-2000, at a much higher percentage than in 1978. Crops, including sugar beet and corn, also increased in early and late summer. These results suggest that the diet of bears has changed over the last two decades, and that bears have become more dependent on deer and on crops. We conclude that the increase in human- bear conflicts is not because of an increase in the bear population, but because of the increased dependence of bears on deer and crops as food sources.