Financial Services and the World Trade Organization: Liberalization Commitments of the Developing and Transition Economies
Financial Services and the World Trade Organization: Liberalization Commitments of the Developing and Transition Economies
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金融服务和世界贸易组织：发展中经济体和转型经济体的自由化承诺
DOI：
10.1596/1813-9450-2184
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Mattoo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Mattoo
作者分析了世界贸易组织服务贸易总协定（GATS）下金融服务谈判的结果。他指出，谈判促进了许多发展中国家和转型经济体的更稳定和透明的政策制度，而且这些承诺绝不会损害这些国家推行健全的宏观经济和管制政策的能力。但是，尽管参与最终协议的国家数目令人印象深刻，但在许多情况下，承诺的自由化内容相当有限。数字估计表明，总的来说，非洲和东欧与会者作出的承诺比亚洲和拉丁美洲与会者自由得多。总的来说，这个结果可能反映了每个参与者如何平衡单边承诺的好处与为未来的多部门谈判保留谈判筹码的好处。结果的两个方面引起关注：1)比起允许（或维持）外国股权参与和保护现有企业的地位，对通过允许新进入来引入竞争的强调有所减少。2)在立即引入竞争被认为不可行的地方，参与者很少利用服务贸易总协定的优势，通过预先承诺未来的市场准入，为自由化计划增加可信度。
The author analyzes the results of the financial services negotiations under the World Trade Organization's General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). He shows that the negotiations have contributed to more stable and transparent policy regimes in many developing and transition economies and that the commitments in no way compromise the countries' ability to pursue sound macroeconomic and regulatory policies. But even though the number of countries that participated in the eventual agreement was impressive, the liberalizing content of commitments was in many cases quite limited. Numerical estimates suggest that in general the African and Eastern European participants made much more liberal commitments than the Asian and Latin American participants. On the whole, the outcome probably reflects how each participant balances the benefit of unilateral commitments against the benefit of retaining bargaining chips for future multi-sectoral negotiations. Two aspects of the outcome cause concern: 1) There has been less emphasis on introducing competition by allowing new entry than on allowing (or maintaining) foreign equity participation and protecting the position of incumbents. 2) Where it was deemed infeasible to introduce competition immediately, participants have taken little advantage of the GATS to lend credibility to liberalization programs by pre-committing to future market access.